[Retinal ischemia as an early marker of renal failure in non-proliferative retinopathy].

BACKGROUND

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) presents complications such as diabetic retinopathy (DR) and nephropathy, both related to microvascular damage. DR is the leading cause of preventable blindness in T2DM. Retinal ischemia, detectable by fluorescein angiography (FA), is an early indicator, and its timely detection is crucial. Endothelial dysfunction affects vessels in organs such as the retina and kidneys. Microalbuminuria (MA) is an early sign of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Early detection, along with adequate metabolic control, can delay progression to end-stage renal disease.

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the relationship between retinal ischemia, detected by FA, and MA in patients with T2DM and non-proliferative DR at the No. 1 Specialty Hospital of Bajío.

MATERIAL AND

METHODS

Cross-sectional study, with ethical approval. Diabetic patients without previous renal disease or proliferative DR were included. The sample of 66 patients was evaluated by FA and MA analysis (>30 mg/24 h). Chi-square and Student's t-tests were applied.

RESULTS

Patients with retinal ischemia were older (62.73 ± 8.93 vs. 57.50 ± 14.14 years; p = 0.05) and had a higher prevalence of MA (45% vs. 0%; p = 0.01). No significant differences were found in gender, DR severity, HbA1c, or creatinine levels.

CONCLUSIONS

Retinal ischemia is associated with a higher prevalence of microalbuminuria in T2DM patients, supporting the study hypothesis.