Comprehensive analytics for virus-cell and cell-cell multinucleation system.

Cell-fusion mediated generation of multinucleated syncytia represent critical feature during viral infection and in development. Efficiency of syncytia formation is usually illustrated as fusion efficiency under given condition by quantifying total number of nuclei in syncytia normalized to total number of nuclei (both within syncytia and unfused cell nuclei) in unit field of view. However heterogeneity in multinucleated syncytia sizes poses challenge in quantification of cell-fusion multinucleation under diverse conditions. Taking in-vitro SARS-CoV-2 spike-protein variants mediated virus-cell fusion model and placenta trophoblast syncytialization as cell-cell fusion model; herein we emphasize wide application of simple unbiased detailed measure of virus-cell and cell-cell multinucleation using experiential cumulative distribution function (CDF) and fusion number events (FNE) approaches illustrating comprehensive metrics for syncytia interpretation.