Evaluation of Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) Serum Levels in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) Depending on Body Mass Index (BMI).

The relationship between anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels and body weight, expressed through body mass index (BMI), in women with PCOS has been a topic of discussion for a long time, yet the literature continues to present conflicting data. The latest guidelines emphasize the growing role of AMH in the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome and suggest that it should become one of the diagnostic criteria for identifying this condition. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between AMH levels and BMI in reproductive-age patients. The bioethics committee approved the conduct of the study. Methods: A total of 193 patients diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) based on the Rotterdam criteria were included in the study group. The control group consisted of 196 patients who did not meet the diagnostic criteria for PCOS. Blood samples (5 mL of venous blood) were collected from all participants to determine AMH levels. Additionally, body weight and height were measured, and BMI was calculated. Results: The mean AMH level for women with PCOS was 7.187 ng/mL (median: 6.400 ng/mL) and was more than twice as high as women without PCOS (mean: 3.399 ng/mL, median: 2.835 ng/mL). The decline in the average AMH level occurs at an older age (35-39 years) in women with PCOS compared to women without PCOS (25-29 years). A significant negative correlation between AMH levels and BMI was observed only in women with PCOS in the 25-29 age group. In women in the 20-24 age group, this correlation takes the form of a statistical tendency. Conclusions: Obesity is a modifiable factor influencing AMH levels. The demonstrated relationship between AMH and BMI may contribute to the development of therapeutic protocols tailored to the patient's clinical condition.