Where Is Social Connection Most Needed in Daily Life?

UNLABELLED: Social-emotional competence is critical to children's social and school success, prompting interest in understanding factors that promote these skills prior to elementary-school. Cognitive stimulation (e.g., reading, playing) is related to preschool children's social outcomes; However, few studies have examined these associations earlier, or determined whether interventions that encourage cognitive stimulation may enhance children's early social-emotional competencies either directly, or through impact on these behaviors. The present study examined whether cognitive stimulation in infancy predicted social competence in toddlerhood and the impact of a positive parenting intervention on these child outcomes. Mother-infant dyads in the Smart Beginnings (SB) RCT (primarily Hispanic/Latino or Black and from low-income backgrounds) were randomly assigned to treatment or control. SB integrates universal primary prevention in pediatric primary care (PlayReadVIP); and targeted/secondary prevention through home visiting (Family Check-Up). Mothers' cognitive stimulation at 6 months significantly predicted children's social-emotional competence at 24 months. Although there was no direct effect of SB on children's social-emotional competence, there was an indirect effect on children's social competence through maternal cognitive stimulation. Findings suggest that associations between cognitive stimulation and children's social-emotional competence emerge earlier than previously shown, and that positive parenting interventions can support early social-emotional competence through impact on cognitive stimulation.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02459327.