Understanding Multiple Intelligences Among Older Adults: Development and Validation of the Multiple Intelligence Scale for Older People.

BACKGROUND

Previous studies have supported a multidimensional view of intelligence, particularly the concept of multiple intelligence (MI). However, the application and comprehensive understanding of MI in the context of aging have been explored infrequently. The present study aimed to develop and validate the Multiple Intelligence Scale for Older People (MISFOP) for community-dwelling older adults, incorporating spiritual intelligence and ensuring cultural sensitivity through translation, adaptation, and psychometric validation.

METHODS

The research comprised two studies to develop and validate the Chinese MISFOP. Study 1 involved translation and adaptation through expert review and pilot testing. Study 2 evaluated the 36-item instrument with 428 older adults using exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) and correlations with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA).

RESULTS

ESEM resulted in a 29-item scale comprising an eight-factor structure, merging intrapersonal and spiritual intelligences due to theoretical insights and statistical considerations. The revised model showed excellent fit using the comparative fit index (CFI = 0.991), non-normed fit index (NNFI = 0.982), root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA = 0.020), and standardized root mean square residual (SRMR = 0.017), with high internal consistency for the total scale (Cronbach's α = 0.91). Significant positive associations were found between MoCA scores and linguistic (β = 0.36, p < 0.001), logical-mathematical (β = 0.26, p = 0.007), and the combined intrapersonal/spiritual intelligence (β = 0.23, p = 0.001).

CONCLUSION

The findings suggest associations between specific MI domains and cognitive health, indicating potential applications in geriatric care. Moreover, further research with larger, longitudinal samples across different cultural contexts is necessary.