Integrating GC-MS analysis, ADMET, and in vivo experimental validation to deciphering the toxicological profile of the aqueous extract of the mixture of Dacryodes edulis (G. Don) H.J. Lam (Burseraceae) and Allium ampeloprasum var. porrum L. (Amaryllidaceae).

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The leaves of Dacryodes edulis and Allium ampeloprasum are traditionally used in Cameroon to treat prostate tumours. To scientifically justify their use in human health, it is essential to evaluate their safety profiles.

AIM OF THE STUDY: This study, therefore, aimed to investigate the toxicological profile of the aqueous extract of the mixture of Dacryodes edulis and Allium ampeloprasum var. porrum.

MATERIALS AND

METHODS

Phytochemical analyses and gas chromatography-coupled mass spectrometry were performed according to standard protocols. The pharmacokinetic properties and toxicity of the extract's compounds were predicted in silico using pkCSM, ProTox-3.0, and STopTox. Acute toxicity testing was conducted in accordance with OECD Guideline 423 using doses of 2000 and 5000 mg/kg. The 90-day chronic toxicity study was carried out following OECD Guideline 408 with daily doses of 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg. At the end of the experiment, haematological, biochemical, and histological analyses were performed.

RESULTS

Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, and tannins. GC-MS identified 30 compounds, some of which were predicted to be potentially cytotoxic, hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, and cardiotoxic. These compounds showed good intestinal absorption, variable distribution volumes, and total clearance. Some may inhibit cytochrome P450 isoforms. No clinical signs of toxicity or death were observed after acute administration, suggesting an oral lethal dose 50 exceeding 5 g/kg in rats. Furthermore, chronic administration up to 600 mg/kg did not induce any apparent toxicity to the liver, kidney, heart, or hematological components in rats.

CONCLUSION

These results could help validate the oral safety of the aqueous extract of the mixture of Dacryodes edulis and Allium ampeloprasum var. porrum.