[How to manage a pyelocalyceal dilatation?].

Due to its length and its small diameter, the ureter is exposed to a high obstructive risk which may be ascribed to extremely variable pathologies. Because of a remarkably active peristalsis, the clinical consequence is acute if the obstacle suddenly settles. The radiological sign of appeal is the pyelocalyceal dilatation, which is widely listed in the Western medical system, in consideration of the abundance of the practiced imaging. From the acute situation to the fortuitous discovery, its understanding must be further investigated because of the immediate symptomatic potential impact such as renal colic, which can be associated with sepsis, as well as possible long-term sequelae on renal function. This article aims to help the primary care physician to initiate its diagnosis and treatment.