[Treatment of empyema].

Pleural infections constitute a group of diseases, among which the most severe one is empyema. Their incidence is increasing. The major predisposing factor is alcoholism. The pleura becomes most commonly infected in connection with pneumonia. The condition always requires an effective antibiotic therapy. With the exception of an effusion of less than one centimeter, a sample should always be taken from the pleural fluid. The appearance and acidity of the fluid dictate the need for drainage. If the disease does not seem to improve, the need for surgical treatment should be assessed without delay.