Multidimensional Determinants of Hypertension Self-Management to Inform the Development of a Person-Centered Nursing-Based Self-Care Bundle: A Cross-Sectional Study in Primary Care.

ObjectivesThis study aimed to identify multidimensional factors associated with hypertension self-management and examine candidate self-care support domains to inform the development of a person-centered nursing-based self-care bundle.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 152 patients with hypertension aged 40-59 years in primary healthcare centers in Bali, Indonesia, using multistage random sampling. Data were collected using researcher-developed questionnaires informed by established instruments, theories, and previous studies, and preliminarily tested for validity and reliability, measuring patient, family, socio-cultural, healthcare service, candidate self-care support domains, and self-management ability. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used to examine associations among constructs.ResultsPatient factors were associated with candidate self-care support domains (β=0.593, p<0.001) and self-management ability (β=0.379, p<0.001). Family, sociocultural, and healthcare-service factors were associated with candidate self-care support domains but not directly with self-management ability. Candidate self-care support domains were also associated with self-management ability (β=0.481, p<0.001).ConclusionsThe findings provide a cross-sectional needs-assessment foundation for developing a person-centered nursing-based integrated self-care bundle for hypertension self-management. Future studies should refine the bundle through expert validation and test its feasibility and effectiveness using intervention designs.