Identification of functional GRP-preferring bombesin receptors on human melanoma cells.

Bombesin was originally isolated from amphibian skin, whereas its mammalian counterpart, gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), was first identified in the nervous system of the gastrointestinal tract. Whether GRP is present in the human skin is not known. Bombesin-like peptides are also known to modulate growth. We therefore investigated whether human melanoma cell lines express functional GRP-preferring bombesin receptors and whether they alter growth or other specific cellular functions of these tumour cells. GRP receptor mRNA was found in HBL, D-10, Me-28 and A375-6 cell lines, but only A375-6 cells express a large number of high-affinity binding sites for [125I]-[Tyr4] bombesin (K(d) 0.31 +/- 0.04 nmol L(-1), 3880 +/- 429 binding sites per cell). Bombesin dose-dependently increased cytosolic calcium, but did not alter interleukin (IL) 1beta-induced reduction of cell viability or IL-6 secretion, both A375-6-specific cell functions. Growth of A375-6 cells was not altered by bombesin or the specific GRP receptor antagonist BIM26226 as measured by [3H]-thymidine incorporation or methylene blue assay, whereas insulin alone or in combination with other potential growth factors dose-dependently stimulated growth of these cells. The newly characterized GRP-preferring bombesin receptors on highly malignant human melanoma cells could initiate studies of growth effects on solid tumours or in vivo scanning using radiolabelled tracers.