Analysis of factors affecting testicular spermatogenesis capacity by using the tissue transcriptome data from GTEx.

In human, endo- or exogeneous factors might alter the cellular composition, the endocrine and inflammatory micro-environments and the metabolic balance in testis. These factors will further impair the testicular spermatogenesis capacity and alter the transcriptome of testis. Conversely, it should be possible that the alteration of the transcriptomes in testes be used as an indicator to evaluate the testicular spermatogenesis capacity and to predict the causing factors. In this study, using the transcriptome data of human testes and whole blood which were collected by the genotype-tissue expression project (GTEx), we analyzed the transcriptome differences in human testes and explored those factors that affecting spermatogenesis. As a result, testes were clustered into five clusters according to their transcriptomic features, and each cluster of testes was evaluated as having different spermatogenesis capacity. High rank genes of each cluster and the differentially expressed genes in lower functional testes were analyzed. Transcripts in whole blood which may be associated with testis function were also analyzed by the correlation test. As a result, factors such as immune response, oxygen transport, thyrotropin, prostaglandin and tridecapeptide neurotensin were found associated with spermatogenesis. These results revealed multiple clues about the spermatogenesis regulation in testis and provided potential targets to improve the fertility of men in clinic.