Advances in the management of gout: From current strategies to emerging therapies.

Gout is a form of inflammatory arthritis caused by disordered uric acid metabolism, characterized by severe joint pain and inflammatory reactions, which significantly impair patients' quality of life. With changes in lifestyle and dietary habits, the incidence of gout has been rising globally, making it a critical public health concern. Current research primarily focuses on short- and long-term management strategies, including pharmacological therapies, lifestyle interventions, and patient education. Short-term management typically comprises nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and colchicine to alleviate acute attacks, while long-term management focuses on uric acid control and recurrence prevention through urate-lowering drugs. Although existing management strategies can effectively control symptoms, challenges such as poor patient adherence and insufficient individualized treatment persist. Emerging therapies, including biologics and gene-based treatments, have demonstrated promising potential and may offer more effective and personalized therapeutic solutions for patients with gout. This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive synthesis of existing literature to inform clinical practice and explore future directions in gout management.