Intraoperative complications during oral implantology.

Dental implant placement is a controlled, programmed surgical procedure, not without its complications. The aim of the present paper is to study the intraoperative complications in implant surgery, carrying out a review of articles appearing in Medline over the last 10 years. Among the intra operative complications related with surgery, hemorrhagic accidents occur most frequently in the interforaminal region, since the majority of the vascular branches enter the mandibular bone in this region. Nerve damage can arise as a consequence of inferior alveolar nerve transposition or lateralization; or the excessive intrusion of drills or implant fixture into the mandibular canal. Mandibular fractures secondary to implant placement occur more easily when placing implants in atrophic mandible. Occasionally, incorrect positioning or lack of relative parallelism in the placing of the implants causes damage to an adjacent tooth. Absence of primary stability may occur as a result of overworking the implant bed during preparation, also to poor bone quality, and more frequently to immediate post-extraction implantation. Another possible complication is the migration of implants into the maxillary sinus.