Translation, cross-cultural adaptation and initial psychometric evaluation of the Indonesian PSPSQ 2.0 in community pharmacies and public primary healthcare centres.

BACKGROUND

Patient satisfaction is a key indicator of healthcare quality and patient-reported experience. However, a culturally adapted and psychometrically evaluated Indonesian version of the Patient Satisfaction with Pharmacist Services Questionnaire (PSPSQ 2.0) has not been reported.

OBJECTIVES

This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and evaluate the initial psychometric properties of the Indonesian version of the PSPSQ 2.0 among patients receiving pharmacist services in community pharmacies (apotek) and public primary healthcare centres (Puskesmas).

METHODS

Patients were purposively recruited via an anonymous online questionnaire. The instrument underwent forward-backward translation, expert review, content validity assessment, and cognitive debriefing. Structural validity was assessed using exploratory factor analysis with a polychoric correlation matrix, MINRES extraction, and oblimin rotation. Factor retention was assessed using eigenvalues, scree-plot inspection, and Horn's parallel analysis. Internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega.

RESULTS

A total of 200 participants were included (58% female; mean age 29.85 ± 9.07 years). I-CVI values ranged from 0.80 to 1.00, with an overall S-CVI/Ave of 0.975. The KMO was 0.920, with significant Bartlett's test (χ2 = 3826.157, df = 190, p < 0.001). EFA provided preliminary evidence for a three-factor structure comprising Quality of Care (QOC), Interpersonal Relationship (IPR), and Overall (OV), supported by converging factor-retention criteria and interpretable factor-loading patterns. Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega ranged from 0.867 to 0.928 and 0.870 to 0.931, respectively, across the three domains. For the total scale, α was 0.960 and ω was 0.968.

CONCLUSION

The Indonesian PSPSQ 2.0 demonstrated preliminary evidence of structural validity and internal consistency for assessing patient satisfaction in community and primary care settings. Further studies are needed to confirm its factor structure and applicability across broader and more diverse populations.