Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care (San Antonio, Tex. : 2001) · 2025
Retrospective Evaluation of the Prognosis and Prevalence of Hyperchloremia in Dogs and Cats.
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Ueda Yu, Epstein Steven E, Hopper Kate
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence, case-fatality rate, and primary disease processes associated with high corrected chloride concentration (hyper[Cl-]) in dogs and cats.
DESIGN: Single-center retrospective study.
SETTING: Electrical medical records were reviewed to identify dogs and cats with at least one chloride and sodium concentration measured simultaneously during a 60-month period.
ANIMALS: A total of 17,120 dogs and 4197 cats presented to a veterinary teaching hospital.
INTERVENTIONS: None.
MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Measured hyper[Cl-] was diagnosed in 18.1% (3092/17,120) dogs and 9.4% (396/4197) cats. Corrected hyper[Cl-] was diagnosed in 21.1% (3607/17,120) dogs and 9.1% (384/4197) cats. The case-fatality rates were higher in animals with corrected hyper[Cl-] than in those with normal corrected [Cl-] (p < 0.0001). The case-fatality rate was higher in dogs with measured hyper[Cl-] than in those with corrected hyper[Cl-] (p = 0.011). Of the dogs and cats with corrected hyper[Cl-], a total of 50.9% (1835/3607) dogs and 38.3% (147/384) cats were categorized as prehospital corrected hyper[Cl-], whereas a total of 39.5% (1424/3607) dogs and 48.7% (187/384) cats with corrected hyper[Cl-] were categorized as hospital-acquired corrected hyper[Cl-]. The case-fatality rate of dogs and cats with hospital-acquired corrected hyper[Cl-] was higher than that of prehospital corrected hyper[Cl-] in dogs (p < 0.0001) but not in cats (p = 0.9). Various primary disease processes, including neurologic and urologic diseases, were identified in animals with corrected hyper[Cl-].
CONCLUSIONS: Corrected hyper[Cl-] was a common electrolyte abnormality identified in dogs and cats, and it was associated with higher case-fatality rates than normal corrected [Cl-]. Hospital-acquired corrected hyper[Cl-] was less common but was associated with a higher case-fatality rate than prehospital corrected hyper[Cl-] in dogs. Further investigation of corrected hyper[Cl-] in association with its morbidity and mortality and the role of therapy to target normal [Cl-] is warranted.
DESIGN: Single-center retrospective study.
SETTING: Electrical medical records were reviewed to identify dogs and cats with at least one chloride and sodium concentration measured simultaneously during a 60-month period.
ANIMALS: A total of 17,120 dogs and 4197 cats presented to a veterinary teaching hospital.
INTERVENTIONS: None.
MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Measured hyper[Cl-] was diagnosed in 18.1% (3092/17,120) dogs and 9.4% (396/4197) cats. Corrected hyper[Cl-] was diagnosed in 21.1% (3607/17,120) dogs and 9.1% (384/4197) cats. The case-fatality rates were higher in animals with corrected hyper[Cl-] than in those with normal corrected [Cl-] (p < 0.0001). The case-fatality rate was higher in dogs with measured hyper[Cl-] than in those with corrected hyper[Cl-] (p = 0.011). Of the dogs and cats with corrected hyper[Cl-], a total of 50.9% (1835/3607) dogs and 38.3% (147/384) cats were categorized as prehospital corrected hyper[Cl-], whereas a total of 39.5% (1424/3607) dogs and 48.7% (187/384) cats with corrected hyper[Cl-] were categorized as hospital-acquired corrected hyper[Cl-]. The case-fatality rate of dogs and cats with hospital-acquired corrected hyper[Cl-] was higher than that of prehospital corrected hyper[Cl-] in dogs (p < 0.0001) but not in cats (p = 0.9). Various primary disease processes, including neurologic and urologic diseases, were identified in animals with corrected hyper[Cl-].
CONCLUSIONS: Corrected hyper[Cl-] was a common electrolyte abnormality identified in dogs and cats, and it was associated with higher case-fatality rates than normal corrected [Cl-]. Hospital-acquired corrected hyper[Cl-] was less common but was associated with a higher case-fatality rate than prehospital corrected hyper[Cl-] in dogs. Further investigation of corrected hyper[Cl-] in association with its morbidity and mortality and the role of therapy to target normal [Cl-] is warranted.