Successful Treatment of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor-Related Aortitis in Prostate Cancer.

INTRODUCTION

The frequency of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-related aortitis is low. We report a case of successful corticosteroid treatment in a patient with prostate cancer who developed aortitis following pegfilgrastim administration.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 68-year-old male with castration-resistant prostate cancer initiated docetaxel therapy. During the second cycle, pegfilgrastim was administered for neutropenia prophylaxis. On Day 10, the patient developed a persistent fever and elevated inflammatory markers. Evaluation led to a diagnosis of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-related aortitis, and corticosteroid therapy was started. After switching from pegfilgrastim to filgrastim, the patient completed eight treatment cycles without recurrence.

CONCLUSION

In patients who develop fever and elevated inflammatory markers following granulocyte colony-stimulating factor administration, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-related aortitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis.