Case Report: Clinical management of genital, perineal, and perianal venous malformation in a five-year-old boy: therapeutic decision-making and review of current literature.

Vascular malformations are classified according to the predominant vessel type involved, such as arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), lymphatic malformations (LMs), or venous malformations (VMs). Venous malformations, considered simple vascular malformations, typically present as bluish discolorations or nodular lesions of the skin or mucosa. Venous malformations of the external genitalia are rare. In pediatric patients, these lesions may raise parental concerns regarding cosmetic appearance and potential implications for future sexual function. We report the case of a five-year-old boy with a venous malformation involving the glans penis, scrotum, perineal, and perianal regions. We describe the clinical evaluation, diagnostic work-up, and management considerations for this complex presentation. Based on this case and a review of current literature, we propose a practical framework for the diagnosis and treatment of genital venous malformations to guide therapeutic decision-making.