Anatomy of the brainstem and the lower cranial nerves, vessels, and surrounding structures.

In this article some results of our investigations on the brainstem, the lower cranial nerves, and the nerve-vessel-relations in the posterior cranial fossa are reviewed. For comparison, the pertinent findings published by other authors are also included. Particular attention has been given to the topographic measurements of the canal systems in the petrous bone and the nerve-vessel-relations in the jugular fossa area.