Development of gastrointestinal function and selected dysfunctions.

This brief review of gastrointestinal function was designed to update the reader on our current state of knowledge about development in general as well as certain specific gastrointestinal functions necessary for effective enteric feedings as the primary source of neonatal nutrition. Many more studies in humans during the perinatal period are needed. However, these studies must await before their use can be condoned in man. The development of LES and gastric emptying was discussed in the context of regurgitation, a common problem in premature infants. Factors contributing to the maturation of the intestinal surface were reviewed as a basis for considering colostral stimulation of intestinal maturation in the external environment. Finally the development of intestinal motility and anal rectal tone were considered and suggestions as to further studies needed made.