Neutrophils in tumor- and inflammation-induced lymphangiogenesis.

Lymphangiogenesis is the formation of new lymphatic vessels from preexisting vessels and occurs during embryonic lymphatic development and under pathological conditions induced by internal or external stimuli. Emerging evidence suggests that neutrophils contribute to the construction and remodeling of new lymphatic vessels. Neutrophils migrate to lymph nodes through the lymphatic vessels or high endothelial venules, and neutrophil migration may depend on the phenotype of the neutrophil. The presence of unique neutrophil phenotypes in individuals with lymphangiogenesis has been reported. Neutrophils promote lymphangiogenesis mainly by secreting lymphotropic factors or increasing their bioavailability and by collaborating with various immune cells. Neutrophils mediate lymphangiogenesis and exert complex effects on tumors and inflammation. The selective inhibition of specific neutrophil and neutrophil lymphangiogenic molecules may provide a novel approach for the prevention and treatment of associated diseases.