Orexin B affects the transcriptome of incubated in vitro porcine endometrial explants from the early-implantation period.

This study determined the effect of orexin B (OXB) on the porcine endometrial transcriptome during the embryo attachment phase. Microarray analyses of gene ontology (GO), biological pathways, networks and differentially expressed genes (DEG) were performed. Orexin B influenced the expression of 887 genes (fold change > 1.2; p < .05): 620 genes were up-regulated, and 267 were down-regulated. The analysis of the relationship between DEG revealed that OXB interacts with genes linked with processes such as cell hormone binding, regulation of hormone levels, lipid transport, steroid metabolic processes, the apoptotic signalling pathway and the acute inflammatory response, which are pivotal for reproductive success. Orexin B played a bivalent role in the early-pregnant uterus by limiting the pregnancy outcome, promoting embryo development, suppressing the immune system and, consequently, preventing embryo rejection. These findings suggest that OXB could be responsible for the proper course of gestation by adapting litter size to the metabolic status of the maternal organism.