Global advances in integrative medicine and health · 2026
Feasibility and Acceptability of a Virtual Single-Session Biofeedback Intervention Targeting Circulation, Heart Rate, and Anxiety for Rural Patients With Chronic Pain.
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Flegge Lindsay G, Penman Jill C, Tracy Crystal, Bushey Michael A
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Chronic pain affects one in five Americans, yet rural patients face significant barriers to evidence-based interventions like biofeedback due to geographic isolation and provider shortages.
OBJECTIVE: This pilot study evaluates the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of Mind Meter, a virtual neuroscience-based biofeedback group intervention, for rural adults with chronic pain.
METHODS: Twenty-nine rural-dwelling adults (mean age 44.9, SD 11.8) with chronic pain (≥3 months) were recruited from a pain management program and twenty-one participants completed a single-session virtual Mind Meter group, integrating pain neuroscience education and biofeedback via affordable equipment (pulse oximeters, skin thermometers). Feasibility was assessed by enrollment (target ≥50%), adherence (≥80%), and completion rates (≥75%); acceptability via a 10-item questionnaire (target ≥80% rating ≥4/5); and preliminary effectiveness via pre-post changes in heart rate, temperature, pain, and anxiety, analyzed with paired t-tests (adjusted P < 0.05).
RESULTS: Enrollment was 22% (29/132 eligible), below target, while adherence reached 100%, exceeding goals. Acceptability was high, with 90.5% rating the intervention ≥4/5 (mean 4.3, SD 0.9), particularly for clarity of directions (95.2% ≥ 4). Statistically significant pre-post improvements occurred in anxiety (mean change -2.2, SD 2.4, P < 0.001, Hedge's g = -0.886) and temperature (mean increase 4.6°F, SD 6.1, P = 0.003, g = 0.726); pain decreased (mean -0.8, SD 1.5, P = 0.025) but lost statistical significance after correction for multiple comparisons. Heart rate showed no change (P = 0.615).
CONCLUSION: Virtual Mind Meter is feasible and highly acceptable for rural patients with chronic pain, with promising reductions in anxiety and temperature. Lower than hypothesized enrollment warrants recruitment strategy-adjustments, while preliminary outcomes support further development.
OBJECTIVE: This pilot study evaluates the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of Mind Meter, a virtual neuroscience-based biofeedback group intervention, for rural adults with chronic pain.
METHODS: Twenty-nine rural-dwelling adults (mean age 44.9, SD 11.8) with chronic pain (≥3 months) were recruited from a pain management program and twenty-one participants completed a single-session virtual Mind Meter group, integrating pain neuroscience education and biofeedback via affordable equipment (pulse oximeters, skin thermometers). Feasibility was assessed by enrollment (target ≥50%), adherence (≥80%), and completion rates (≥75%); acceptability via a 10-item questionnaire (target ≥80% rating ≥4/5); and preliminary effectiveness via pre-post changes in heart rate, temperature, pain, and anxiety, analyzed with paired t-tests (adjusted P < 0.05).
RESULTS: Enrollment was 22% (29/132 eligible), below target, while adherence reached 100%, exceeding goals. Acceptability was high, with 90.5% rating the intervention ≥4/5 (mean 4.3, SD 0.9), particularly for clarity of directions (95.2% ≥ 4). Statistically significant pre-post improvements occurred in anxiety (mean change -2.2, SD 2.4, P < 0.001, Hedge's g = -0.886) and temperature (mean increase 4.6°F, SD 6.1, P = 0.003, g = 0.726); pain decreased (mean -0.8, SD 1.5, P = 0.025) but lost statistical significance after correction for multiple comparisons. Heart rate showed no change (P = 0.615).
CONCLUSION: Virtual Mind Meter is feasible and highly acceptable for rural patients with chronic pain, with promising reductions in anxiety and temperature. Lower than hypothesized enrollment warrants recruitment strategy-adjustments, while preliminary outcomes support further development.