Journal de mycologie medicale · 2026
Epidemiological, clinical and mycological profile of Tinea capitis among schoolchildren in Brazzaville, republic of the Congo in 2024: a descriptive cross-sectional study.
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Sékangué Obili Géril, Moutombi Ditombi Bridy Chelsy, Andzikou Itoba Nhaomy, Djendja Ingoba Irène Raïssa, Gackosso Gaëtan, Osséré Raïssa Roméonde, Bouyou-Akotet Marielle Karine
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: Scalp ringworm is the most common dermatophytosis in children, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Knowledge of its epidemiological and aetiological profile enables the implementation of prevention and management measures. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical and aetiological profile of scalp ringworm in Brazzaville, where no data exists.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from January to October 2024 in primary schools in Brazzaville. A total of 698 schoolchildren were examined; those presenting with scalp lesions suspected of being Tinea capitis were sampled. Specimens were examined directly by potassium hydroxide mounting and cultured on Sabouraud agar containing chloramphenicol, with or without added cycloheximide. Colonies were analysed macroscopically and microscopically to identify the causative pathogens.
RESULTS: Of the 698 children examined, 172 (24.6%) presented with scalp lesions clinically suggestive of Tinea capitis and were sampled. The diagnosis was mycologically confirmed (positive direct examination and/or culture) in 163 of them, giving an overall prevalence of Tinea capitis of 23.4% among the schoolchildren examined. Among sampled children, the sex ratio was 9.1, and the 7-10-year age group (68.5%) was the most represented. A history of similar cases among family members or close contacts was reported in 46.5% of cases. Sharing of hats, scarves or caps and scalp microtrauma were reported by 9.3% and 28.5% of participants, respectively. Clinically, partial alopecia (96.5%), pruritus (100.0%) and scaling (95.4%) predominated, followed by broken hair (27.2%) and crusting (1.7%). Among sampled children, direct examination was positive in 75.6% of cases and culture in 92.4%. Trichophyton soudanense (55.9%) and Microsporum audouinii (36.5%) were the most common causative agents; both are anthropophilic species. The zoophilic species M. canis (3.8%) and the anthropophilic species T. tonsurans (1.9%) were identified less frequently and only in children under 11 years of age.
CONCLUSION: Tinea capitis is a substantial public-health concern among schoolchildren in Brazzaville, with a prevalence comparable to that reported in other underprivileged urban settings in sub-Saharan Africa. T. soudanense is the dominant dermatophyte.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from January to October 2024 in primary schools in Brazzaville. A total of 698 schoolchildren were examined; those presenting with scalp lesions suspected of being Tinea capitis were sampled. Specimens were examined directly by potassium hydroxide mounting and cultured on Sabouraud agar containing chloramphenicol, with or without added cycloheximide. Colonies were analysed macroscopically and microscopically to identify the causative pathogens.
RESULTS: Of the 698 children examined, 172 (24.6%) presented with scalp lesions clinically suggestive of Tinea capitis and were sampled. The diagnosis was mycologically confirmed (positive direct examination and/or culture) in 163 of them, giving an overall prevalence of Tinea capitis of 23.4% among the schoolchildren examined. Among sampled children, the sex ratio was 9.1, and the 7-10-year age group (68.5%) was the most represented. A history of similar cases among family members or close contacts was reported in 46.5% of cases. Sharing of hats, scarves or caps and scalp microtrauma were reported by 9.3% and 28.5% of participants, respectively. Clinically, partial alopecia (96.5%), pruritus (100.0%) and scaling (95.4%) predominated, followed by broken hair (27.2%) and crusting (1.7%). Among sampled children, direct examination was positive in 75.6% of cases and culture in 92.4%. Trichophyton soudanense (55.9%) and Microsporum audouinii (36.5%) were the most common causative agents; both are anthropophilic species. The zoophilic species M. canis (3.8%) and the anthropophilic species T. tonsurans (1.9%) were identified less frequently and only in children under 11 years of age.
CONCLUSION: Tinea capitis is a substantial public-health concern among schoolchildren in Brazzaville, with a prevalence comparable to that reported in other underprivileged urban settings in sub-Saharan Africa. T. soudanense is the dominant dermatophyte.