Hydrothermal-assisted ZnO-NiO-WO3-g-C3N4 hybrid nanocomposite for visible-light photocatalytic degradation and electrochemical detection of pyridoxine in European countries.

A ZnO-NiO-WO3-g-C3N4 ternary nanostructures were effectively prepared through a simple hydrothermal-annealing approach and systematically explored regarding its visible-light-driven photocatalytic and sensing of pyridoxine for the immune system. The nanostructures of ZnO-NiO-WO3-g-C3N4 showed a high visible-light photocatalytic efficiency towards the degradation of methylene blue due to the synergistic Z-scheme/stage charge transfer, the increased reactive oxygen species generation, and the accelerated interfacial electron transfer. The nanocomposite-functionalised electrode showed exceptional nutrient-controlling pyridoxine sensing characteristics towards catechol with a broad linear detection range, high sensitivity and low detection limit. Altogether, the ternary nanostructures of ZnO-NiO-WO3-g-C3N4 provide a strong multifunctional resource of environmental remediation and health safety with potential implications for economic sustainability and public policy related to environmental and public health management.