Health science reports · 2026
SARS-CoV-2, Influenza Virus, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Coinfections Among Symptomatic Outpatients in Lorestan Province, Iran: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.
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Maleki Chegeni Ardalan, Heydarifard Zahra, Talei Gholam Reza, Mohammadi Mohsen, Khanizadeh Sayyad
Аннотация
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Pathogenic viruses represent a principal etiology of acute respiratory tract disease. Concurrent detection of multiple respiratory pathogens has been associated with diagnostic challenges, therapeutic complications, and unfavorable outcomes in patients with COVID-19. This investigation aimed to characterize the frequency of concurrent SARS-CoV-2, influenza virus, and human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections among individuals presenting with suspected COVID-19 symptoms during the pandemic period in Lorestan Province, Iran.
METHODS: A retrospective observational study was conducted among 196 participants who presented with suspected COVID-19 and clinically compatible respiratory symptoms at regional healthcare facilities in Lorestan Province from July through December 2022. Nasopharyngeal specimens were obtained from all participants, maintained at 2°C-8°C during transit on ice, and subsequently subjected to nucleic acid extraction and multiplex quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis at the Molecular Virology Laboratory.
RESULTS: Of 196 participants evaluated, positivity rates were as follows: SARS-CoV-2, 40.81%; influenza virus, 30.10%; and RSV, 5.10%. Dual infections were identified in the following proportions: SARS-CoV-2 with RSV 3.57%, SARS-CoV-2 with influenza virus 11.22%, and RSV with influenza 3.06%. Simultaneous detection of all three pathogens was documented in 2.04% of the study population.
CONCLUSION: This study documents the circulation of SARS-CoV-2, influenza virus, and RSV among symptomatic outpatients in Lorestan Province during the study period, including a limited number of dual and triple coinfections. These findings highlight the importance of continued respiratory virus surveillance and multiplex molecular testing in outpatient settings. Nevertheless, the small numbers of RSV-positive patients, triple-infection cases, and children younger than 6 years limit the strength of subgroup-based inferences; therefore, age-specific, pediatric, and symptom-related findings should be interpreted cautiously. Further studies with larger and more diverse populations are warranted.
METHODS: A retrospective observational study was conducted among 196 participants who presented with suspected COVID-19 and clinically compatible respiratory symptoms at regional healthcare facilities in Lorestan Province from July through December 2022. Nasopharyngeal specimens were obtained from all participants, maintained at 2°C-8°C during transit on ice, and subsequently subjected to nucleic acid extraction and multiplex quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis at the Molecular Virology Laboratory.
RESULTS: Of 196 participants evaluated, positivity rates were as follows: SARS-CoV-2, 40.81%; influenza virus, 30.10%; and RSV, 5.10%. Dual infections were identified in the following proportions: SARS-CoV-2 with RSV 3.57%, SARS-CoV-2 with influenza virus 11.22%, and RSV with influenza 3.06%. Simultaneous detection of all three pathogens was documented in 2.04% of the study population.
CONCLUSION: This study documents the circulation of SARS-CoV-2, influenza virus, and RSV among symptomatic outpatients in Lorestan Province during the study period, including a limited number of dual and triple coinfections. These findings highlight the importance of continued respiratory virus surveillance and multiplex molecular testing in outpatient settings. Nevertheless, the small numbers of RSV-positive patients, triple-infection cases, and children younger than 6 years limit the strength of subgroup-based inferences; therefore, age-specific, pediatric, and symptom-related findings should be interpreted cautiously. Further studies with larger and more diverse populations are warranted.