Monte Carlo investigation of anode-filter combinations on X-ray spectra in conventional radiology using PHITS.

This research project investigates conventional radiology protocols by using PHITS (Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System) Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate anode-filter configurations at tube voltages up to 150 kV. The study's innovation lies in its quantitative comparison of simulated spectra with SpekCalc, showing a mean deviation of less than 5%. The results indicate that Tungsten (W) and Gold (Au) anodes (K-lines: 59-68 keV) are optimal for radiography, whereas Molybdenum (Mo) and Rhodium (Rh) anodes (K-lines: 17-23 keV) are superior for mammography. By quantifying the impact of heavy filtration on beam hardening, this work establishes a robust framework for improving image contrast and supporting dose optimisation through appropriate selection of tube parameters.