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INTRODUCTION: Continuing professional development (CPD) for health professionals is a strategic lever for the quality and safety of care. Yet the methodological foundations of the frameworks intended to guide it remain heterogeneous, poorly documented, and insufficiently adapted to local contexts, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

METHOD: A narrative review was conducted following the SANRA framework. Searches covered MEDLINE, Scopus, and ERIC databases, as well as grey literature, for the period 2004-2024. A six-step thematic analysis following Braun and Clarke structured the synthesis of extracted data.

RESULTS: Four main methodological approaches were identified: competency-based approach, expert consensus, needs assessment, and recognition of prior and informal learning. The international benchmark reveals significant heterogeneity between CPD systems in high-income countries and those in resource-limited settings.

DISCUSSION: These approaches are not mutually exclusive but constitute the components of a triangulated model integrating a normative axis, a contextual axis, and a procedural axis. Methodological transparency, contextualization, and South-South collaboration emerge as essential conditions for the transferability of frameworks to LMICs.

CONCLUSION: Developing a CPD framework is a scientific and strategic endeavor. Integrated, participatory, and adaptable approaches are essential, particularly for resource-limited countries that must prioritize contextualization over direct adoption of Western models.