Equine veterinary journal · 2026
Forage chemical composition drives early metabolic shifts in ponies fed different haylages.
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Moore-Colyer M J S, Daniels S, Harris P
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Rapid changes between feeds can cause dysbiosis and colic in horses. The metabolic consequences of transitioning between haylages (HY) are currently unknown.
OBJECTIVES: To characterise urinary and faecal metabonomics in ponies transitioned between HY varying in botanical composition and physiological age and to evaluate the speed of metabolic adaptation.
STUDY DESIGN: In vivo experiments repeated Latin Square.
METHODS: Eight Welsh Mountain ponies were fed four HY (R1, R2, M1, M2) across 4 × 15-day periods; a structured 3-day (Days 13-15) changeover was observed: old:new 70:30, 50:50and 30:70. Day 1 was 100% new haylage. Apparent digestibility was determined (multivariate mixed-effects model) from total faecal collections on Days 10-12. Urinary and faecal collections were performed on Days 0, 5, 12 and 14. Metabolic profiling of urine and faeces was performed using H 1 NMR spectroscopy with principal component analysis and orthogonal projections to latent-structures-discriminate analysis to identify metabolic shifts. Alignment and normalisation (total quotient method) were carried out in Mathworks Matlab R2014a.
SIGNIFICANCE: p ≤ 0.05.
RESULTS: Ponies achieved metabolic adaptation within 5 days. Metabolites were functionally stable at mid-changeover (Day 14). Forage chemical composition drove changes. Most significant differences were between physiologically young ryegrass haylage (R1) and the other three HY, for example, D5 urinary glycine R1 992 ± 504.4 vs. R2 222 ± 130. Faecal differences included altered faecal short-chain fatty acid plus amino-acid metabolites, for example, from Day 12 full adaptation to 5 days post-change for acetate: R114 ± 5.5, R2 19 ± 5.0; m-hydroxyphenol-acetate: R1 0.9 ± 0.22, M2 1.2 ± 0.63; indole-3-acetate: R1 1 ± 0.3, M2 2 ± 1.2.
MAIN LIMITATIONS: Ponies were only fed forage. Results may not reflect more abrupt changes between HY or between different forages.
CONCLUSIONS: Metabolic adaptation to new HY occurred within the first 5 days and was shaped by forage composition. Three-day structured introduction supported metabolic stability. Metabonomics provides a sensitive, non-invasive tool and helps discriminate between forages for nutrient availability and hindgut function. Vigilance is still recommended in the first 5 days of introducing a new haylage.
OBJECTIVES: To characterise urinary and faecal metabonomics in ponies transitioned between HY varying in botanical composition and physiological age and to evaluate the speed of metabolic adaptation.
STUDY DESIGN: In vivo experiments repeated Latin Square.
METHODS: Eight Welsh Mountain ponies were fed four HY (R1, R2, M1, M2) across 4 × 15-day periods; a structured 3-day (Days 13-15) changeover was observed: old:new 70:30, 50:50and 30:70. Day 1 was 100% new haylage. Apparent digestibility was determined (multivariate mixed-effects model) from total faecal collections on Days 10-12. Urinary and faecal collections were performed on Days 0, 5, 12 and 14. Metabolic profiling of urine and faeces was performed using H 1 NMR spectroscopy with principal component analysis and orthogonal projections to latent-structures-discriminate analysis to identify metabolic shifts. Alignment and normalisation (total quotient method) were carried out in Mathworks Matlab R2014a.
SIGNIFICANCE: p ≤ 0.05.
RESULTS: Ponies achieved metabolic adaptation within 5 days. Metabolites were functionally stable at mid-changeover (Day 14). Forage chemical composition drove changes. Most significant differences were between physiologically young ryegrass haylage (R1) and the other three HY, for example, D5 urinary glycine R1 992 ± 504.4 vs. R2 222 ± 130. Faecal differences included altered faecal short-chain fatty acid plus amino-acid metabolites, for example, from Day 12 full adaptation to 5 days post-change for acetate: R114 ± 5.5, R2 19 ± 5.0; m-hydroxyphenol-acetate: R1 0.9 ± 0.22, M2 1.2 ± 0.63; indole-3-acetate: R1 1 ± 0.3, M2 2 ± 1.2.
MAIN LIMITATIONS: Ponies were only fed forage. Results may not reflect more abrupt changes between HY or between different forages.
CONCLUSIONS: Metabolic adaptation to new HY occurred within the first 5 days and was shaped by forage composition. Three-day structured introduction supported metabolic stability. Metabonomics provides a sensitive, non-invasive tool and helps discriminate between forages for nutrient availability and hindgut function. Vigilance is still recommended in the first 5 days of introducing a new haylage.