BMJ open · 2026
Stressful and potentially traumatic life events and satisfaction with life among Norwegian adults: cross-sectional results from the seventh survey of the Tromsø study.
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Rognmo Kamilla, Skre Ingunn, Wang Catharina Elisabeth Arfwedson, Thimm Jens C
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between interpersonal and impersonal stressful and potentially traumatic life events (SLEs/PTEs) and satisfaction with life (SWL), and to assess the extent to which this relationship is mediated by mental distress, somatic health and social factors.
DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.
SETTING: Population-based study in Tromsø, Norway.
PARTICIPANTS: A total of 21 069 adults aged ≥40 years from the seventh wave of the Tromsø Study (mean age 57.3 years).
PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE: SWL measured using the Satisfaction With Life Scale-3.
METHODS: Linear regression analyses and structural equation modelling (SEM) were used to examine associations between SLEs/PTEs and SWL and to assess direct and indirect effects via mental distress, somatic health, cohabitation status, perceived social support and self-reliance.
RESULTS: Both interpersonal (B = -0.11, p<0.001) and impersonal SLEs/PTEs (B = -0.05, p<0.001) were significantly associated with lower SWL. SEM analyses indicated that SLEs/PTEs had both direct negative effects on SWL (interpersonal SLE/PTE: B = -0.15, p<0.001, impersonal SLE/PTE: B = -0.06, p<0.001) and indirect effects through mental distress, somatic health, living with a partner, having friends to confide in and self-reliance.
CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to SLEs/PTEs is associated with reduced life satisfaction, with both direct and indirect pathways via mental and somatic health and social support. Interpersonal SLEs/PTEs appear to have a stronger negative impact on SWL than impersonal events.
DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.
SETTING: Population-based study in Tromsø, Norway.
PARTICIPANTS: A total of 21 069 adults aged ≥40 years from the seventh wave of the Tromsø Study (mean age 57.3 years).
PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE: SWL measured using the Satisfaction With Life Scale-3.
METHODS: Linear regression analyses and structural equation modelling (SEM) were used to examine associations between SLEs/PTEs and SWL and to assess direct and indirect effects via mental distress, somatic health, cohabitation status, perceived social support and self-reliance.
RESULTS: Both interpersonal (B = -0.11, p<0.001) and impersonal SLEs/PTEs (B = -0.05, p<0.001) were significantly associated with lower SWL. SEM analyses indicated that SLEs/PTEs had both direct negative effects on SWL (interpersonal SLE/PTE: B = -0.15, p<0.001, impersonal SLE/PTE: B = -0.06, p<0.001) and indirect effects through mental distress, somatic health, living with a partner, having friends to confide in and self-reliance.
CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to SLEs/PTEs is associated with reduced life satisfaction, with both direct and indirect pathways via mental and somatic health and social support. Interpersonal SLEs/PTEs appear to have a stronger negative impact on SWL than impersonal events.