Public health weekly report · 2026
Impact of a Korean Behavior-Based Smoking Regimen on Cigarette Smoke Constituents and Cellular Changes.
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Go Ryeo-Eun, Seong Su-Min, Kwon Jihyun, Lee Jieun, Kang Sung Hyun, Ahn Younjhin
Аннотация
OBJECTIVES: This study aims to compare a Korean Behavior-Based Smoking Regimen (KO-BSR), which reflects the actual smoking behavior of Korean smokers, with international standard smoking regimens of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and Health Canada Intense (HCI), and to evaluate differences in selected cigarette smoke constituents and cellular toxicity.
METHODS: Whole cigarette smoke condensate (WCSC) was generated using a rotary smoking machine under ISO, HCI, and KO-BSR conditions. For each smoking regimen, total particulate matter (TPM) per cigarette was quantified, and four major smoke constituents, namely nicotine, acetone, triacetin, and glycerin, were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Korean-derived oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines YD-9 and YD-38 were exposed to WCSC at various concentrations for 5 days, and cell viability was assessed using a water-soluble tetrazolium salt assay. In addition, the concentration at which cell viability decreased by 20% (IC20) was calculated.
RESULTS: Compared with ISO, KO-BSR generated significantly higher levels of TPM and concentrations of nicotine, acetone, triacetin, and glycerin in the final WCSC stock (all p<0.05). Compared with HCI, KO-BSR generated significantly higher TPM levels and concentrations of acetone, triacetin, and glycerin, whereas nicotine concentration was numerically higher but did not differ significantly. In both cell lines, WCSC exposure reduced cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner, with the greatest reduction observed following exposure to WCSC generated under KO-BSR conditions. The IC20 value was lowest under the KO-BSR condition in YD-9 cells, whereas in YD-38 cells, IC20 values could only be calculated under the HCI and KO-BSR conditions.
CONCLUSIONS: KO-BSR generated higher levels of measured smoke constituents and induced greater cellular toxicity than the international standard smoking regimens. These findings support the potential use of KO-BSR as a Korean smoking behavior-based exposure scenario that may complement international standard smoking regimens. Further validation using representative distributions of smoking behavior, human biomarkers of exposure, and multiple toxicity endpoints is needed before KO-BSR can be incorporated into risk assessment frameworks.
METHODS: Whole cigarette smoke condensate (WCSC) was generated using a rotary smoking machine under ISO, HCI, and KO-BSR conditions. For each smoking regimen, total particulate matter (TPM) per cigarette was quantified, and four major smoke constituents, namely nicotine, acetone, triacetin, and glycerin, were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Korean-derived oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines YD-9 and YD-38 were exposed to WCSC at various concentrations for 5 days, and cell viability was assessed using a water-soluble tetrazolium salt assay. In addition, the concentration at which cell viability decreased by 20% (IC20) was calculated.
RESULTS: Compared with ISO, KO-BSR generated significantly higher levels of TPM and concentrations of nicotine, acetone, triacetin, and glycerin in the final WCSC stock (all p<0.05). Compared with HCI, KO-BSR generated significantly higher TPM levels and concentrations of acetone, triacetin, and glycerin, whereas nicotine concentration was numerically higher but did not differ significantly. In both cell lines, WCSC exposure reduced cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner, with the greatest reduction observed following exposure to WCSC generated under KO-BSR conditions. The IC20 value was lowest under the KO-BSR condition in YD-9 cells, whereas in YD-38 cells, IC20 values could only be calculated under the HCI and KO-BSR conditions.
CONCLUSIONS: KO-BSR generated higher levels of measured smoke constituents and induced greater cellular toxicity than the international standard smoking regimens. These findings support the potential use of KO-BSR as a Korean smoking behavior-based exposure scenario that may complement international standard smoking regimens. Further validation using representative distributions of smoking behavior, human biomarkers of exposure, and multiple toxicity endpoints is needed before KO-BSR can be incorporated into risk assessment frameworks.