IJID regions · 2026
Clonal diversity and trend of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA/MSSA) clinical isolates from pediatric patients in Myanmar: increased prevalence of clonal complex 1 (CC1) and ST121 MRSA.
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Aung Meiji Soe, San Thida, Kyaw Win Kalayar, Waddy Lynn, Kobayashi Nobumichi
Аннотация
OBJECTIVES: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the leading causes of infectious diseases in humans. This study aimed to analyze the recent epidemiologic trends of clones and genetic features of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates from children in Myanmar.
METHODS: S. aureus isolates from various specimens (except for blood) of pediatric patients were classified by genotyping schemes of MLST (multilocus sequence typing), coa, agr, spa, and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec. Antimicrobial resistance genes were detected by uniplex/multiplex polymerase chain reaction, along with antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the broth microdilution method.
RESULTS: A total of 175 S. aureus isolates (30 MRSA and 145 MSSA) and one S. argenteus were obtained during a 19-month period (September 2023 to March 2025), with an MRSA rate of 17%. Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes were detected at a higher rate in MSSA (69%) than in MRSA (43%). Among MRSA, clonal complex (CC)1 (dominant sequence types; ST772 and ST2885) was the major clonal group, accounting for 47%, whereas other common clones were ST121 (CC121) and ST6 (CC5). The most dominant MSSA clone was ST121 (48%), including 86% of PVL-positive isolates, followed by ST88 (14%) and ST2990 (CC1) (9%). The S. argenteus isolate was methicillin-susceptible and assigned as ST2250. In this study, the previously most common ST239 (CC8)-MRSA-III detected in 2017-2019 was not found, whereas a growing prevalence was noted for CC1 and ST121 MRSA.
CONCLUSION: This study revealed the clonal structure of recent MRSA/MSSA isolates from pediatric patients and their potential changing trend in Myanmar.
METHODS: S. aureus isolates from various specimens (except for blood) of pediatric patients were classified by genotyping schemes of MLST (multilocus sequence typing), coa, agr, spa, and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec. Antimicrobial resistance genes were detected by uniplex/multiplex polymerase chain reaction, along with antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the broth microdilution method.
RESULTS: A total of 175 S. aureus isolates (30 MRSA and 145 MSSA) and one S. argenteus were obtained during a 19-month period (September 2023 to March 2025), with an MRSA rate of 17%. Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes were detected at a higher rate in MSSA (69%) than in MRSA (43%). Among MRSA, clonal complex (CC)1 (dominant sequence types; ST772 and ST2885) was the major clonal group, accounting for 47%, whereas other common clones were ST121 (CC121) and ST6 (CC5). The most dominant MSSA clone was ST121 (48%), including 86% of PVL-positive isolates, followed by ST88 (14%) and ST2990 (CC1) (9%). The S. argenteus isolate was methicillin-susceptible and assigned as ST2250. In this study, the previously most common ST239 (CC8)-MRSA-III detected in 2017-2019 was not found, whereas a growing prevalence was noted for CC1 and ST121 MRSA.
CONCLUSION: This study revealed the clonal structure of recent MRSA/MSSA isolates from pediatric patients and their potential changing trend in Myanmar.