Perceived Barriers to Help-Seeking for Eating Disorders Among Adults With Self-Reported Eating Disorder Symptoms in Sweden.

OBJECTIVE

Help-seeking for eating disorders (EDs) remains low despite their burden and the importance of early intervention. This multimethod study examined perceived barriers to help-seeking among adults with self-reported ED symptoms in Sweden, a context underrepresented in prior help-seeking research.

METHOD: The analytic sample included 2778 adults who completed an online survey assessing ED psychopathology and perceived barriers to help-seeking. Descriptive analyses identified endorsed perceived barriers, and logistic regression tested associations between symptom severity and barrier themes. Open-ended responses on barriers to and facilitators of help-seeking were analyzed thematically.

RESULTS

The most frequently endorsed perceived barrier themes were stigma and shame, denial or failure to perceive illness severity, and fear of losing control or change. Qualitative findings highlighted limited ED competence in healthcare, particularly in primary care and for binge eating at higher body weight, as well as concerns about disclosure, confidentiality, and the availability of care. Facilitators included improved ED knowledge in healthcare, encouragement from others, anonymous digital care options, clearer access routes, and increased service availability. Higher ED symptom severity was associated with greater odds of endorsing most perceived barrier themes.

DISCUSSION: Findings highlight the need for low-threshold interventions targeting shame, stigma, denial, and fear of change, alongside improved ED competence in healthcare, particularly in primary care, clearer referral pathways, and more inclusive care. If shown to be safe and effective, AI-based tools may help strengthen ED literacy across early-contact services and thereby reduce barriers to early recognition and help-seeking.