The journal of sexual medicine · 2026
Supervised prenatal Pilates and trajectories of female sexual function and sexual distress throughout pregnancy: a prospective cohort study.
СтатьяНаблюдательное исследованиеНазвание и аннотация: Перевод пока не подготовлен
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Karakelleoğlu Gökçenur, Güçlü Mehmet, Kırımlı Yanık Elif Ceren Nur, Arslan Gaye, Özgen Deniz, Güzel Yılmaz
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: Pregnancy is associated with progressive physiological and psychosocial changes that may adversely affect female sexual function and increase sexual distress. Although prenatal Pilates has demonstrated benefits for maternal physical and psychological well-being, its potential influence on female sexual health throughout pregnancy remains unclear. This study investigated the longitudinal association between regular supervised prenatal Pilates participation and changes in female sexual function and sexual distress during pregnancy.
METHODS: This prospective observational cohort study included 136 pregnant women with uncomplicated singleton pregnancies who were followed from the first to the third trimester. Participants were classified according to regular supervised prenatal Pilates participation (Pilates group, n = 64; control group, n = 72). Female sexual function and sexual distress were assessed at 11-14, 24-28, and 34-36 gestational weeks using validated questionnaires. Longitudinal changes were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models including time, group, and the time × group interaction, with adjustment for maternal age, educational level, parity, planned pregnancy, history of depression, and baseline sexual intercourse frequency.
RESULTS: Female sexual function changed significantly throughout pregnancy (time effect: F = 5.650, P = .004). Although the overall group effect was not significant (F = 0.268, P = .605), a significant time × group interaction was observed (F = 3.676, P = .028), indicating that the longitudinal pattern of sexual function differed between women who regularly participated in supervised prenatal Pilates and controls. Sexual distress also changed significantly over time (F = 7.009, P = .001). A significant overall group effect was observed for sexual distress (F = 17.953, P < .001), together with a significant time × group interaction (F = 7.072, P = .001), indicating that the longitudinal pattern of sexual distress differed between groups. These findings were observed after adjustment for maternal age, educational level, parity, planned pregnancy, history of depression, and baseline sexual intercourse frequency.
CONCLUSIONS: Regular participation in supervised prenatal Pilates was associated with different longitudinal trajectories of female sexual function and sexual distress across pregnancy. The observed differences varied across gestational time points and should be interpreted in the context of the adjusted pairwise comparisons. Given the observational design and potential for residual confounding, causality cannot be established. Adequately powered randomized controlled trials are needed to determine whether prenatal Pilates has a causal effect on female sexual function or sexual distress during pregnancy.The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov during ongoing participant follow-up and before study completion (Identifier: NCT07403994).
METHODS: This prospective observational cohort study included 136 pregnant women with uncomplicated singleton pregnancies who were followed from the first to the third trimester. Participants were classified according to regular supervised prenatal Pilates participation (Pilates group, n = 64; control group, n = 72). Female sexual function and sexual distress were assessed at 11-14, 24-28, and 34-36 gestational weeks using validated questionnaires. Longitudinal changes were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models including time, group, and the time × group interaction, with adjustment for maternal age, educational level, parity, planned pregnancy, history of depression, and baseline sexual intercourse frequency.
RESULTS: Female sexual function changed significantly throughout pregnancy (time effect: F = 5.650, P = .004). Although the overall group effect was not significant (F = 0.268, P = .605), a significant time × group interaction was observed (F = 3.676, P = .028), indicating that the longitudinal pattern of sexual function differed between women who regularly participated in supervised prenatal Pilates and controls. Sexual distress also changed significantly over time (F = 7.009, P = .001). A significant overall group effect was observed for sexual distress (F = 17.953, P < .001), together with a significant time × group interaction (F = 7.072, P = .001), indicating that the longitudinal pattern of sexual distress differed between groups. These findings were observed after adjustment for maternal age, educational level, parity, planned pregnancy, history of depression, and baseline sexual intercourse frequency.
CONCLUSIONS: Regular participation in supervised prenatal Pilates was associated with different longitudinal trajectories of female sexual function and sexual distress across pregnancy. The observed differences varied across gestational time points and should be interpreted in the context of the adjusted pairwise comparisons. Given the observational design and potential for residual confounding, causality cannot be established. Adequately powered randomized controlled trials are needed to determine whether prenatal Pilates has a causal effect on female sexual function or sexual distress during pregnancy.The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov during ongoing participant follow-up and before study completion (Identifier: NCT07403994).