Tobacco control · 2026
Trends in hidden smoking among women in South Korea, 2008-2021: a comparison of self-reported and cotinine-verified smoking prevalence.
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Lee Jung Ah, Cho Hong-Jun, Lim Min Kyung, Kawachi Ichiro
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Women in South Korea tend to underreport their smoking status due to negative social perceptions of smoking among women. This study aims to examine the differences between self-reported and cotinine-verified smoking prevalence among Korean men and women from 2008 through 2021 and to assess whether these differences have changed substantially over time.
METHODS: This study was conducted using nationally representative cross-sectional data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2008 to 2021. A total of 53 696 participants were included in the analysis. Smoking prevalence based on self-report and cotinine verification was compared by year, age, household income, educational attainment and marital status. All analyses were performed separately by sex, with a urinary cotinine cut-off of 50 ng/mL.
RESULTS: The absolute differences in the prevalence of self-reported non-smoking among individuals with cotinine-verified smoking decreased from 5.41% in men and 8% in women in 2008 to 1.83% in men and 2.44% in women in 2021. The relative differences also declined, from 11.99% to 8.35% in men and from 57.38% to 36.42% in women. Among women, the decrease was particularly pronounced in those aged 19-39 years.
CONCLUSIONS: This study found that underreporting among women who smoke in South Korea has markedly decreased. However, approximately one-third of women who smoke continue to underreport their smoking status. Appropriate approaches are necessary for populations that tend to underreport their smoking status.
METHODS: This study was conducted using nationally representative cross-sectional data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2008 to 2021. A total of 53 696 participants were included in the analysis. Smoking prevalence based on self-report and cotinine verification was compared by year, age, household income, educational attainment and marital status. All analyses were performed separately by sex, with a urinary cotinine cut-off of 50 ng/mL.
RESULTS: The absolute differences in the prevalence of self-reported non-smoking among individuals with cotinine-verified smoking decreased from 5.41% in men and 8% in women in 2008 to 1.83% in men and 2.44% in women in 2021. The relative differences also declined, from 11.99% to 8.35% in men and from 57.38% to 36.42% in women. Among women, the decrease was particularly pronounced in those aged 19-39 years.
CONCLUSIONS: This study found that underreporting among women who smoke in South Korea has markedly decreased. However, approximately one-third of women who smoke continue to underreport their smoking status. Appropriate approaches are necessary for populations that tend to underreport their smoking status.