Sleep restriction modulates B-1 cell response following fungal infection.

B-1 cells are a subtype of B lymphocytes found in lymphoid tissues and peritoneal and pleural cavities. They have a pleiotropic role in innate and adaptative immune responses. However, their physiology remains partially understood, especially in stressful conditions such as sleep restriction. This study aimed to investigate murine B-1 cell activation and differentiation under sleep restriction and stimulus with two different fungus pathogens (Candida albicans and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis). The experimental model was performed using mice submitted to 18-h sleep restriction for 21 days. At the 20th day, control and sleep restriction animals were intraperitoneally inoculated with viable of C. albicans or P. brasiliensis yeast cells. Peritoneal B-1 cells were obtained and analyzed after 24 h of fungi infection. The results showed that B-1 from sleep restricted mice had a significant increase in nitric oxide (NO) production and a substantial expression of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and interleukin-12 (IL-12). Lineage commitment analysis indicated myeloid polarization in sleep-restricted B-1 cells for both fungi infection models. These findings uncovered the impact of sleep restriction on B-1 cell activation and that myeloid differentiation independent of the fungi infection.