Multi-Scenario Adaptive High-Fidelity Self-Healing Elastomer Based on Poly(Ionic Liquid) Containing Polyurethane for Temperature-Pressure Sensing and Human-Machine Interaction.

Skin-friendly ionogels with multi-scenario adaptive, high-fidelity, and self-healing performances were critical building units in wearable signal transmission devices. Traditional ionogels doped with small-molecule ionic liquids (SMILAs) into polymers yielding weak interchain forces, poor compatibility, and migration. To remedy this issue, a kind of polyurethane (PU) based healable ionogel containing polyimidazolium (PIM), adipic acid dihydrazide (ADH), and SMILAs (IL; BMIM:TFSI) was fabricated via continuous chemical copolymerization and physical co-molding. The PIM/ADH/ILn@PU (n = 0.1-0.6, representing the content of IL) ionogels exhibited excellent mechanical properties with tensile strength of 10.93 MPa, elongation as high as 1020.23%, ionic conductivity up to 0.45 mS/cm, and an efficient self-healing ratio of 98.3% in 3 h at 33°C. Moreover, the PIM-induced low migration of IL without an electric field, outstanding antibacterial activity (over 99% inhibition against E. coli and S. aureus), superior biocompatibility (over 95% cell viability), sweat and humidity insensitivity, and multiple regenerability were also demonstrated. The strain sensitivity and temperature-pressure sensing capability endowed these ionogels to be optimized candidates to construct motion monitoring, underwater early warning, and breathing monitoring devices. The realization of the human-machine interaction model provided a new avenue for flexible wearable sensors and promoted the development of remote mechanical control systems.