A review of multicomponent synthesis of Betti-base amidoalkyl naphthol (AAN) derivatives as substances of biological interest.

The effective one-pot Mannich-type multicomponent Betti reaction is the primary method for preparing amidoalkyl naphthols (AANs), which are important scaffolds in medicinal chemistry. While this approach has an intrinsic step economy, achieving sustainable synthesis requires a more thorough examination of the catalytic systems. With a special emphasis on quantitative sustainability evaluation, this comprehensive review critically examines current developments in both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis for AAN synthesis. We present a rigorous evaluation of several catalytic systems, testing them against quantitative green criteria such as atom economy, recyclability, and energy input, and find that immobilised heterogeneous catalysts have a superior environmental profile to that of typical homogeneous catalysts. The performance differences in terms of catalyst structure and active-site characteristics are explained mechanistically. This review provides important approaches to the synthesis of this benchmarks for synthetic chemists seeking economically feasible and environmentally responsible approaches to this crucial class of molecules.