Journal of ethnopharmacology · 2026
Neuroprotective Effects of Bauhinia variegata Flower Extract against D-Galactose-Induced Age-Related Cognitive Impairment: Modulation of the Oxidative Stress-endoplasmic reticulum Axis.
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Ammar Naglaa M, El-Gendy Zeinab A, Abd Elkarim Asmaa S, Ahmed Rania F, Korany Reda M S, Hassan Emad M, Essa Ahmed F, Abdel Jaleel Gehad A, Omara Enayat A, Farag Mohamed A, Elshamy Abdelsamed I
Аннотация
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Bauhinia variegata is widely used in traditional medicine for the management of disorders associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, and nervous system dysfunction. The presence of flavonoids and phenolics supports its ethnopharmacological relevance to cognitive impairment, both reported to exert neuroprotective, antioxidant, and cholinesterase-inhibitory activities AIM OF THE STUDY: The present study investigated the neuroprotective potential of B. variegata flower ethanolic extract (BV-EtOH) against D-galactose (D-Gal)-induced age-related cognitive impairment in rats, with emphasis on its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-tauopathic mechanisms.
RESULTS: Chronic D-Gal administration (120 mg/kg) for 8 consecutive weeks induced significant oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and cognitive impairment, whereas BV-EtOH treatment (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, p.o., 8 weeks) markedly reversed these alterations. BV-EtOH improved learning and memory by reducing escape latency in the Morris Water Maze by 56.3% and increasing target quadrant time by 48.7% (p < 0.01), while the Object Recognition Test showed a 61.4% rise in discrimination index. Biochemically, BV-EtOH restored GSH levels (74.2%) and reduced MDA (63.5%), alongside significant down regulation of TNF-α (52.8%), IL-1β (47.9%), NF-κB (45.6%), and Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress mediators GRP78, CHOP, and P-PERK (58-67%) (p < 0.001). Notably, p-Tau expression decreased by 54.1% with concurrent inhibition of GSK-3β, while BDNF and NeuN increased by 2.3- and 2.7-fold, respectively, indicating enhanced neurogenesis and synaptic integrity. UPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis identified 133 bioactive compounds, mainly flavonoids, phenolic acids, proanthocyanidins, and coumarins, collectively contributing to the extract's multitarget modulation of oxidative, inflammatory, ER stress, and tau phosphorylation pathways.
CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate that BV-EtOH exerts potent neuroprotective efficacy and holds therapeutic promise for the prevention and management of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders.
RESULTS: Chronic D-Gal administration (120 mg/kg) for 8 consecutive weeks induced significant oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and cognitive impairment, whereas BV-EtOH treatment (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, p.o., 8 weeks) markedly reversed these alterations. BV-EtOH improved learning and memory by reducing escape latency in the Morris Water Maze by 56.3% and increasing target quadrant time by 48.7% (p < 0.01), while the Object Recognition Test showed a 61.4% rise in discrimination index. Biochemically, BV-EtOH restored GSH levels (74.2%) and reduced MDA (63.5%), alongside significant down regulation of TNF-α (52.8%), IL-1β (47.9%), NF-κB (45.6%), and Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress mediators GRP78, CHOP, and P-PERK (58-67%) (p < 0.001). Notably, p-Tau expression decreased by 54.1% with concurrent inhibition of GSK-3β, while BDNF and NeuN increased by 2.3- and 2.7-fold, respectively, indicating enhanced neurogenesis and synaptic integrity. UPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis identified 133 bioactive compounds, mainly flavonoids, phenolic acids, proanthocyanidins, and coumarins, collectively contributing to the extract's multitarget modulation of oxidative, inflammatory, ER stress, and tau phosphorylation pathways.
CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate that BV-EtOH exerts potent neuroprotective efficacy and holds therapeutic promise for the prevention and management of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders.