Exercise-induced protein lactylation: From molecular mechanisms to precision health applications.

Exercise-induced lysine lactylation of proteins is an important metabolic regulatory mechanism. This review systematically assesses how different exercise modes impact lactate post-translational modifications in a tissue-specific manner that in turn helps orchestrate energetic metabolic homeostasis, boost neuroprotection, and optimize cardiovascular adaptations. This article aims to put forward novel strategies for exercise prescriptions, tailored to individuals' metabolic profiles, with an eye on consolidated molecular interventions aimed at modulating and modifying these metabolic pathways. Such proposals may well offer precision in sports medicine.