Asian journal of psychiatry · 2026
Measuring the four paths: Development and psychometric properties of the Paths of Yoga Self Evaluation (POYSE).
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Bhargav Hemant, Gupta Pooja, Holla Bharath, Jasti Nishitha, Kulamarva Kavyashree, R Kishore Kumar, Varambally Shivarama, B N Gangadhar, S Keshavan Matcheri
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Yoga is increasingly offered as an adjunct in psychiatric care, but it is delivered uniformly and no validated instrument identifies the approach to which a person is naturally drawn. Classical yoga describes four complementary paths to freedom from suffering and cultivation of well-being, suited to different temperaments: Jnana (knowledge and self-inquiry), Raja (meditative discipline), Karma (selfless action) and Bhakti (devotion).
OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate the Paths of Yoga Self Evaluation (POYSE), a self-report measure of orientation toward each path, for personalising yoga-based intervention in psychiatric practice and research.
METHODS: Items drawn from classical sources were content validated by 23 experts, forming four eight-item subscales. The initial version was completed online by 1012 adults; after expert revision it was administered to an independent sample of 516 alongside the Vedic Personality Inventory (VPI), the Perceived Stress Scale and the Mini-IPIP, and a third sample of 54 completed it twice, two weeks apart.
RESULTS: Revision raised the subscale alpha range from 0.694 - 0.858 to 0.842-0.906 and brought all 32 items onto their intended factors. Eight items were removed, yielding a 24-item scale with a correlated four-factor structure (CFI 0.984, SRMR 0.062), subscale alpha 0.817-0.888, largest heterotrait-monotrait ratio 0.697 and two-week intraclass correlations 0.819-0.916. The four orientations were embedded within a strong general yogic dimension, the Y factor. All scores rose with VPI Sattva and fell with Rajas, Tamas and perceived stress; associations with Big Five traits were weak.
CONCLUSION: POYSE is a reliable, stable and valid measure of partially distinct orientations toward the four paths. Freely available with automated scoring, it allows yoga-based counselling and adjunct programmes in psychiatry to be matched to the person and path-matched effects on adherence and outcomes to be tested.
OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate the Paths of Yoga Self Evaluation (POYSE), a self-report measure of orientation toward each path, for personalising yoga-based intervention in psychiatric practice and research.
METHODS: Items drawn from classical sources were content validated by 23 experts, forming four eight-item subscales. The initial version was completed online by 1012 adults; after expert revision it was administered to an independent sample of 516 alongside the Vedic Personality Inventory (VPI), the Perceived Stress Scale and the Mini-IPIP, and a third sample of 54 completed it twice, two weeks apart.
RESULTS: Revision raised the subscale alpha range from 0.694 - 0.858 to 0.842-0.906 and brought all 32 items onto their intended factors. Eight items were removed, yielding a 24-item scale with a correlated four-factor structure (CFI 0.984, SRMR 0.062), subscale alpha 0.817-0.888, largest heterotrait-monotrait ratio 0.697 and two-week intraclass correlations 0.819-0.916. The four orientations were embedded within a strong general yogic dimension, the Y factor. All scores rose with VPI Sattva and fell with Rajas, Tamas and perceived stress; associations with Big Five traits were weak.
CONCLUSION: POYSE is a reliable, stable and valid measure of partially distinct orientations toward the four paths. Freely available with automated scoring, it allows yoga-based counselling and adjunct programmes in psychiatry to be matched to the person and path-matched effects on adherence and outcomes to be tested.