Veterinary microbiology · 2026
Plant-derived compounds as antiviral and immunoprotective agents against infectious bursal disease virus in chickens.
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Hassan Sarah Abdul-Hussein, Mahmood Ahmed N, Obaid Aula Hassoon
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) has resulted in severe immunosuppression in young birds, which has resulted in major financial losses for the poultry industry in Iraq. The available vaccines do not always confer enough protection against virulent strains of IBDV.
AIM: The current study assessed both the antiviral and immunoprotective potential of a plant-based herbal extract (PHE) that was high in polyphenolic compounds, administered to broiler chickens in Iraq against IBDV infection.
METHODS: One hundred and fifty Ross 308 broiler chickens (3-6 weeks old) were randomly assigned to 5 various groups (n = 30 per group), which included one positive control (IBDV-infected and untreated birds), three IBDV-infected + treatment groups with 20, 40, or 60 mg/kg PHE, and another was a combination therapy group. In addition, 30 birds were used as a negative control (uninfected and untreated birds). All birds were challenged with very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) and monitored for viral load, bursal index, cytokine profile, antibody titer, clinical signs, and mortality over a 21-day period post-infection.
RESULTS: The treatment with PHE has shown a statistically significant reduction in the viral load in a dose-dependent fashion, with reductions in viral load of 3.82 ± 0.51 (53.2%) and 2.48 ± 0.42 (69.6%) in the 60 mg/kg and combined therapy groups, respectively, compared to the positive infected controls (p < 0.001). The bursal index, an indicator of bursal health, increased in the combination treatment group (1.25 ± 0.18) when compared to the positive infected control group (0.42 ± 0.08) (P < 0.001). PHE treatment also modulated inflammatory cytokines, decreasing IL-1β and IL-6 but increasing both IL-10 and IFN-γ levels. The overall mortality rate in the infected control group was 36.7%; however, the mortality rate was reduced to 3.3% in the combination therapy group (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: The antiviral and immunoprotective activity of plant-derived compounds against IBDV infection in chickens has been established by our results; therefore, there is potential for phytochemical-based therapies to be incorporated into current IBDV control programs in Iraqi production systems.
AIM: The current study assessed both the antiviral and immunoprotective potential of a plant-based herbal extract (PHE) that was high in polyphenolic compounds, administered to broiler chickens in Iraq against IBDV infection.
METHODS: One hundred and fifty Ross 308 broiler chickens (3-6 weeks old) were randomly assigned to 5 various groups (n = 30 per group), which included one positive control (IBDV-infected and untreated birds), three IBDV-infected + treatment groups with 20, 40, or 60 mg/kg PHE, and another was a combination therapy group. In addition, 30 birds were used as a negative control (uninfected and untreated birds). All birds were challenged with very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) and monitored for viral load, bursal index, cytokine profile, antibody titer, clinical signs, and mortality over a 21-day period post-infection.
RESULTS: The treatment with PHE has shown a statistically significant reduction in the viral load in a dose-dependent fashion, with reductions in viral load of 3.82 ± 0.51 (53.2%) and 2.48 ± 0.42 (69.6%) in the 60 mg/kg and combined therapy groups, respectively, compared to the positive infected controls (p < 0.001). The bursal index, an indicator of bursal health, increased in the combination treatment group (1.25 ± 0.18) when compared to the positive infected control group (0.42 ± 0.08) (P < 0.001). PHE treatment also modulated inflammatory cytokines, decreasing IL-1β and IL-6 but increasing both IL-10 and IFN-γ levels. The overall mortality rate in the infected control group was 36.7%; however, the mortality rate was reduced to 3.3% in the combination therapy group (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: The antiviral and immunoprotective activity of plant-derived compounds against IBDV infection in chickens has been established by our results; therefore, there is potential for phytochemical-based therapies to be incorporated into current IBDV control programs in Iraqi production systems.