Cureus · 2026
Seroprevalence and Potential Correlation of Transfusion-Transmitted Infections With the ABO Blood Group System Among Blood Donors in Eastern India.
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Nayan Nishith, Das Bankim, Kumar Rakesh, Lahre Saurabh, Ranjan Sweta
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) remain a significant concern in transfusion medicine due to their impact on blood safety. Understanding the distribution of TTIs among blood donors and exploring potential associations with the ABO blood group system can enhance donor screening strategies.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted among blood donors from January 2020 to December 2024. Blood donors were tested for ABO and RhD blood groups and for five mandatory TTI markers: human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), syphilis, and malaria. The chi-square test and odds ratio (OR) were used to determine the association of TTIs with ABO and RhD blood groups.
RESULTS: Out of 65,160 healthy donors, 2167 (3.33%) were positive for various TTIs. HBV had the maximum prevalence (n = 1017 (1.56%)), followed by syphilis (n = 655 (1.01%)), HCV (n = 268 (0.41%)), and HIV (n = 188 (0.29%)). Coinfection was seen in 0.06% of donors (n = 39). The maximum number of seroreactive donors was found among blood group B (n = 776 (3.27%)), followed by group O (n = 719 (3.35%)), group A (n = 482 (3.38%)), and group AB (n = 190 (3.34%)). However, the overall association of TTIs with ABO and RhD blood groups was not statistically significant, except for HBsAg, which had a statistically significant association with blood group B.
CONCLUSION: Hepatitis B was the most prevalent transfusion-transmitted infection among blood donors, with a statistically significant association with blood group B. While no overall significant correlation was found between ABO or RhD blood groups and TTIs, the findings underscore the ongoing risk posed by hepatitis B. This highlights the need for sustained public health efforts, targeted awareness programs, and stringent donor screening protocols to enhance transfusion safety and reduce the TTI burden.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted among blood donors from January 2020 to December 2024. Blood donors were tested for ABO and RhD blood groups and for five mandatory TTI markers: human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), syphilis, and malaria. The chi-square test and odds ratio (OR) were used to determine the association of TTIs with ABO and RhD blood groups.
RESULTS: Out of 65,160 healthy donors, 2167 (3.33%) were positive for various TTIs. HBV had the maximum prevalence (n = 1017 (1.56%)), followed by syphilis (n = 655 (1.01%)), HCV (n = 268 (0.41%)), and HIV (n = 188 (0.29%)). Coinfection was seen in 0.06% of donors (n = 39). The maximum number of seroreactive donors was found among blood group B (n = 776 (3.27%)), followed by group O (n = 719 (3.35%)), group A (n = 482 (3.38%)), and group AB (n = 190 (3.34%)). However, the overall association of TTIs with ABO and RhD blood groups was not statistically significant, except for HBsAg, which had a statistically significant association with blood group B.
CONCLUSION: Hepatitis B was the most prevalent transfusion-transmitted infection among blood donors, with a statistically significant association with blood group B. While no overall significant correlation was found between ABO or RhD blood groups and TTIs, the findings underscore the ongoing risk posed by hepatitis B. This highlights the need for sustained public health efforts, targeted awareness programs, and stringent donor screening protocols to enhance transfusion safety and reduce the TTI burden.