Life sciences · 2026
Combined erythropoietin and sodium butyrate ameliorate imiquimod-induced lupus-like autoimmunity in mice through modulation of inflammatory and interferon-associated responses.
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Othman Qamar, El-Bahouty Waleed Barakat, Abou El-Seoud Samia H, Kamel Nehal K H, Fayez Mahmoud F A
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disorder characterized by systemic inflammation and multi-organ damage. Current therapeutic options remain limited and are associated with significant side effects. This study investigated the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of Erythropoietin (EPO) and sodium butyrate (NaB), as individual and combined interventions, in a Balb/C mice model of imiquimod (IMQ)-induced lupus-like autoimmunity.
METHODS: Fifty female Balb/C mice were randomly assigned into five equal groups: normal control, IMQ-untreated SLE, EPO-treated, NaB-treated, and EPO + NaB-treated SLE group. We evaluated the systemic response via body weight changes and splenic index. Immunological and biochemical profiles were assessed through anti-dsDNA antibodies, creatinine levels, and proteinuria. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, we analyzed renal Myxovirus resistance protein 1 (MX1) gene expression (an interferon-regulated marker), interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, and the immunohistochemical expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Histopathological changes in skin and kidney tissues were examined using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining.
RESULTS: Combined treatment demonstrated superior efficacy compared to monotherapies. These effects were associated with significant amelioration in body weight, reduction in the splenic index, reduced MX1 expression, and NF-κB suppression, leading to a marked decrease in IL-6, anti-dsDNA antibodies, and creatinine levels. Histopathological analysis confirmed that the combination therapy effectively preserved renal architecture and attenuated skin lesions.
CONCLUSION: EPO and NaB may exert a potent protective effect against SLE-induced damage. These effects were associated with modulation of inflammatory and interferon-associated responses.
METHODS: Fifty female Balb/C mice were randomly assigned into five equal groups: normal control, IMQ-untreated SLE, EPO-treated, NaB-treated, and EPO + NaB-treated SLE group. We evaluated the systemic response via body weight changes and splenic index. Immunological and biochemical profiles were assessed through anti-dsDNA antibodies, creatinine levels, and proteinuria. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, we analyzed renal Myxovirus resistance protein 1 (MX1) gene expression (an interferon-regulated marker), interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, and the immunohistochemical expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Histopathological changes in skin and kidney tissues were examined using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining.
RESULTS: Combined treatment demonstrated superior efficacy compared to monotherapies. These effects were associated with significant amelioration in body weight, reduction in the splenic index, reduced MX1 expression, and NF-κB suppression, leading to a marked decrease in IL-6, anti-dsDNA antibodies, and creatinine levels. Histopathological analysis confirmed that the combination therapy effectively preserved renal architecture and attenuated skin lesions.
CONCLUSION: EPO and NaB may exert a potent protective effect against SLE-induced damage. These effects were associated with modulation of inflammatory and interferon-associated responses.