Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2026
Five safes task execution service: a standards-based architecture and reference implementation for secure federated analytics across trusted research environments.
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Beck Tim, Lockhart-Jones Hazel, Panagi Vasiliki, Biddle Justin, Chan Mervin, Couldridge Jonathan, Eva Jonaa, Figueredo Grazziela, Gaungoo Anwar, Hong Judy, Karnani Neerja, Koh Mingshi, Kua Russell, Kumar Mukkesh, Lee Alex, Mitchell-White James, Ng Alvin, Ng Win Pin, Ng Lee Ning, Nguyen Tri Thien, Orton Chris, Partridge Benjamin, Low Pin Yan, Rae Andy, Rowlands Thomas, Sivakumar Karthikeyan, Soiland-Reyes Stian, Squires Emma, Tantoso Erwin, Tong Haopeng, Wong Wing Cheong, Woo Xing Yi, Goble Carole, Thompson Simon, Quinlan Philip
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: Design, implement, and evaluate a standards-based architecture for secure federated analytics across heterogeneous Trusted Research Environments (TREs) that aligns with the Five Safes Framework, without requiring TREs to modify their internal governance, infrastructure, or operational practices.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Five Safes task execution service (TES) architecture standardizes the format of analysis requests and handles analysis execution and release of outputs consistent with the Five Safes Framework. The Global Alliance for Genomics and Health TES standard is used for submitting analyses to TREs. Three logical layers support federated analytics: a Submission and Orchestration Layer outside the TRE accepts analyses and holds outputs for collection; a Controller Layer inside the TRE enforces local governance policies and manages disclosure control; and an Analysis Execution Layer governs the technical execution of approved analytics against sensitive data. An open-source reference implementation was developed and deployed in 2 real-world case studies.
RESULTS: Five Safes TES was deployed to enable federated analytics within the Dementias Platform UK national research infrastructure. In a transcontinental deployment, federated analytics across 2 TREs hosted in Singapore was enabled by Submission and Orchestration Layers hosted in the United Kingdom, demonstrating multi-jurisdictional federated analytics without centralizing control or moving sensitive data.
DISCUSSION: By aligning open technical standards with established governance frameworks, the architecture supports heterogeneous TREs participating in federated analyses while preserving data sovereignty, institutional autonomy, and compliance with local governance requirements.
CONCLUSION: Five Safes TES demonstrates how TRE federated analytics can be deployed as a routine research capability, rather than requiring bespoke technical development.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Five Safes task execution service (TES) architecture standardizes the format of analysis requests and handles analysis execution and release of outputs consistent with the Five Safes Framework. The Global Alliance for Genomics and Health TES standard is used for submitting analyses to TREs. Three logical layers support federated analytics: a Submission and Orchestration Layer outside the TRE accepts analyses and holds outputs for collection; a Controller Layer inside the TRE enforces local governance policies and manages disclosure control; and an Analysis Execution Layer governs the technical execution of approved analytics against sensitive data. An open-source reference implementation was developed and deployed in 2 real-world case studies.
RESULTS: Five Safes TES was deployed to enable federated analytics within the Dementias Platform UK national research infrastructure. In a transcontinental deployment, federated analytics across 2 TREs hosted in Singapore was enabled by Submission and Orchestration Layers hosted in the United Kingdom, demonstrating multi-jurisdictional federated analytics without centralizing control or moving sensitive data.
DISCUSSION: By aligning open technical standards with established governance frameworks, the architecture supports heterogeneous TREs participating in federated analyses while preserving data sovereignty, institutional autonomy, and compliance with local governance requirements.
CONCLUSION: Five Safes TES demonstrates how TRE federated analytics can be deployed as a routine research capability, rather than requiring bespoke technical development.