Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Yoruba Version of the Barriers to Being Active Quiz in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: A third of Nigerians with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are physically inactive. Assessing barriers to physical activity (PA) using a culturally sensitive tool is essential for developing strategies to improve PA. Culturally adapted assessment of barriers to PA may contribute to individualised exercise prescription, behavioural interventions, and culturally responsive rehabilitation. The ease of scoring and fewer items than other tools make the Barriers to Being Active Quiz (BBAQ) preferable. This study translated and culturally adapted the BBAQ into Yoruba and validated it among Yoruba-speaking adults with T2DM.

METHODS

The validation study involved translating, culturally adapting, and psychometrically evaluating the BBAQ into Yoruba. Participants completed the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-SF) and the BBAQ-Y twice to assess construct validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability.

RESULTS

The mean age of the 189 participants was 62.06 ± 10.49 years, and the median (IQR) duration of diabetes was 84 (36-144) months. The structural validity of the BBAQ-Y was acceptable after three error modifications. Fit indices were acceptable (CFI = 0.90, TLI = 0.90, RMSEA = 0.07). Convergent validity was partially supported, as a significant inverse correlation was found between the Yoruba IPAQ-SF and the BBAQ-Y (r = -0.216, p = 0.003). Discriminant validity was established, as individuals with low physical activity reported higher barriers than those with moderate or high physical activity (p = 0.001). Cronbach's alpha was excellent (α = 0.893), and test-retest reliability was moderate (ICC = 0.623), whereas the domain ICCs ranged from 0.295 to 0.533. The measurement error indicators of SEM and SDC were 9.01 and 24.97, respectively.

DISCUSSION: The BBAQ-Y possesses adequate construct validity and internal consistency, with moderate test-retest reliability and more modest domain-level reliability and convergent validity, comparable to those of existing versions.