The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne · 2026
Dried-blood haptoglobin as a prognostic biomarker for bovine respiratory disease in feedlot beef calves.
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Nickel Matthew, Lopez-Campistrous Ana, Jelinski Michael, Norrish Colin, Thiessen Stuart, McMullen Todd
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: Our objectives were first to compare inflammatory biomarkers in feedlot calves classified as apparently healthy controls or suspected bovine respiratory disease (BRD) cases; second, to validate a dried-blood spot-card device for storage and subsequent measurement of haptoglobin (Hp); and last, to determine whether Hp concentration was associated with subsequent treatment, re-treatment, and mortality outcomes.
ANIMALS AND PROCEDURE: Feedlot calves (n = 403) aged 8 to 10 mo were enrolled over a 3-month interval in fall of 2024. In an initial pilot study, serum concentrations of Hp, neopterin, and procalcitonin were measured using bovine-specific ELISAs in calves (n = 58) considered controls or BRD cases, based on visual assessment and rectal temperature. In the field study, 403 calves classified as apparently healthy controls or suspected BRD cases at the feedlot treatment area were sampled using a dried-blood spot-card methodology and Hp concentration was compared to subsequent treatment, relapse, and mortality outcomes.
RESULTS: In the pilot study, all 3 biomarkers were higher in BRD cases than in controls, with Hp having the greatest between-group separation. In the field trial, dried-blood spot measurements of Hp correlated with paired serum Hp (rp = 0.804, P < 0.001). The Hp concentrations were lower in controls [28.5 ± 45.6 μg/mL (mean ± SD)] and untreated suspect cases (89.0 ± 72.2 μg/mL) than in calves treated for pneumonia (146.5 ± 75.1 μg/mL) and were higher still in calves that later relapsed (190.4 ± 89.5 μg/mL) or died (199.1 ± 99.5 μg/mL). The Hp discriminated calves that later died from survivors (AUC = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.63 to 0.81), whereas rectal temperature did not (AUC = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.34 to 0.53).
CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Haptoglobin concentration appeared to be a promising adjunct biomarker for risk stratification of feedlot calves with suspected BRD. Thresholds identified in this observational study could facilitate targeted interventions using pen-side monitoring.
ANIMALS AND PROCEDURE: Feedlot calves (n = 403) aged 8 to 10 mo were enrolled over a 3-month interval in fall of 2024. In an initial pilot study, serum concentrations of Hp, neopterin, and procalcitonin were measured using bovine-specific ELISAs in calves (n = 58) considered controls or BRD cases, based on visual assessment and rectal temperature. In the field study, 403 calves classified as apparently healthy controls or suspected BRD cases at the feedlot treatment area were sampled using a dried-blood spot-card methodology and Hp concentration was compared to subsequent treatment, relapse, and mortality outcomes.
RESULTS: In the pilot study, all 3 biomarkers were higher in BRD cases than in controls, with Hp having the greatest between-group separation. In the field trial, dried-blood spot measurements of Hp correlated with paired serum Hp (rp = 0.804, P < 0.001). The Hp concentrations were lower in controls [28.5 ± 45.6 μg/mL (mean ± SD)] and untreated suspect cases (89.0 ± 72.2 μg/mL) than in calves treated for pneumonia (146.5 ± 75.1 μg/mL) and were higher still in calves that later relapsed (190.4 ± 89.5 μg/mL) or died (199.1 ± 99.5 μg/mL). The Hp discriminated calves that later died from survivors (AUC = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.63 to 0.81), whereas rectal temperature did not (AUC = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.34 to 0.53).
CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Haptoglobin concentration appeared to be a promising adjunct biomarker for risk stratification of feedlot calves with suspected BRD. Thresholds identified in this observational study could facilitate targeted interventions using pen-side monitoring.