Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026
Neuroimmune responses in the chicken brain during acute fowl adenovirus serotype 4 infection.
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Hanafi Ulfiani Fauzia, Lee Rangyeon, Shin Kyungseok, Lee Yoon-Beom, Hwang Geelsu, Maslachah Lilik, Park Jeongho
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: Fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) causes fatal hepatitis in chickens and has a substantial impact on the poultry industry. The virus primarily targets the liver in chickens. Although viral load in the brain has been previously reported, the association of acute FAdV-4 infection with brain immune response remains poorly characterized. Therefore, this study focuses on immune alterations in the brain during acute FAdV-4 infection.
METHODS: Here, we investigated an increase in immune cell populations, along with the expression of barrier-related genes, to define the neuroimmune response during FAdV-4 infection.
RESULTS: Our results demonstrated that there was an alteration in the immune cell population, characterized by an increased frequencies of activated monocytes/macrophages and T cell subsets in the brain from infected chickens. Additionally, the CD44+CD8+ and γδ CD8+ were elevated among T cell subsets and accompanied by a surge in TNFA mRNA expression. The alteration was extended to the low expression of genes encoding tight-junction (TJ) proteins, such as TJP1, CLDN5, and OCLN, and a depletion in CLDN5 protein levels. This downregulation corresponded to the detection of FAdV-4 hexon DNA in the chicken brain homogenates from the infected group, suggesting a potential link between structural barrier alterations and viral presence.
DISCUSSION: Together, these findings suggest acute FAdV-4 infection-associated neuroimmune alterations, mapping a distinct immunophenotypic and transcriptional landscape within the avian brain.
METHODS: Here, we investigated an increase in immune cell populations, along with the expression of barrier-related genes, to define the neuroimmune response during FAdV-4 infection.
RESULTS: Our results demonstrated that there was an alteration in the immune cell population, characterized by an increased frequencies of activated monocytes/macrophages and T cell subsets in the brain from infected chickens. Additionally, the CD44+CD8+ and γδ CD8+ were elevated among T cell subsets and accompanied by a surge in TNFA mRNA expression. The alteration was extended to the low expression of genes encoding tight-junction (TJ) proteins, such as TJP1, CLDN5, and OCLN, and a depletion in CLDN5 protein levels. This downregulation corresponded to the detection of FAdV-4 hexon DNA in the chicken brain homogenates from the infected group, suggesting a potential link between structural barrier alterations and viral presence.
DISCUSSION: Together, these findings suggest acute FAdV-4 infection-associated neuroimmune alterations, mapping a distinct immunophenotypic and transcriptional landscape within the avian brain.