Journal of ethnopharmacology · 2026
Aqueous Hellenia speciosa rhizome extract attenuates hepatic injury in high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
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Filfilan Wessam M, Elbeeh Mohamed E
Аннотация
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Rhizomes of Hellenia speciosa (J.Koenig) S.R.Dutta (Costaceae), used in Ayurvedic and folk medicine as Costus speciosus for diabetes and jaundice, remain underexplored. No chemically characterised aqueous preparation has been evaluated against a clinical comparator in diabetes-associated hepatic injury.
AIM OF THE STUDY: To test whether an aqueous H. speciosa rhizome extract (CS-AE) is associated with attenuated hepatic injury in high-fat diet (HFD)/streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic male rats, and to benchmark it against metformin (MET).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Wistar rats were randomised into six groups (n = 10): normal control (NC), NC + CS-AE, diabetic control (DC), and DC receiving MET (200 mg/kg/day), CS-AE (500 mg/kg/day) or both, orally for six weeks. This single CS-AE dose is 4.5-9 times the pharmacopoeial dose. Endpoints included metabolic and hepatic biochemistry, oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, protein/gene expression and histopathology. CS-AE was characterised in-house by an ICH Q2(R2)-validated HPLC-DAD method against four markers at Schymanski Level 3.
RESULTS: Versus DC, CS-AE was associated with reduced fasting glucose (218 vs. 310 mg/dL), HOMA-IR (24.0 vs. 58.3), ALT (48 vs. 91 U/L) and malondialdehyde (3.1 vs. 4.4 nmol/mg protein; all p < 0.001). CS-AE showed larger Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 changes than MET, whereas MET showed lower glucose and higher p-AMPKα. The combination gave the most favourable profile.
CONCLUSIONS: At this supra-traditional dose, CS-AE was associated with attenuated diabetic hepatic injury; its profile complemented metformin's. Findings are association-level. Dose-response studies that include the traditional dose, and causal, pharmacokinetic, sex-inclusive and clinical studies, are required before any therapeutic recommendation.
AIM OF THE STUDY: To test whether an aqueous H. speciosa rhizome extract (CS-AE) is associated with attenuated hepatic injury in high-fat diet (HFD)/streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic male rats, and to benchmark it against metformin (MET).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Wistar rats were randomised into six groups (n = 10): normal control (NC), NC + CS-AE, diabetic control (DC), and DC receiving MET (200 mg/kg/day), CS-AE (500 mg/kg/day) or both, orally for six weeks. This single CS-AE dose is 4.5-9 times the pharmacopoeial dose. Endpoints included metabolic and hepatic biochemistry, oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, protein/gene expression and histopathology. CS-AE was characterised in-house by an ICH Q2(R2)-validated HPLC-DAD method against four markers at Schymanski Level 3.
RESULTS: Versus DC, CS-AE was associated with reduced fasting glucose (218 vs. 310 mg/dL), HOMA-IR (24.0 vs. 58.3), ALT (48 vs. 91 U/L) and malondialdehyde (3.1 vs. 4.4 nmol/mg protein; all p < 0.001). CS-AE showed larger Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 changes than MET, whereas MET showed lower glucose and higher p-AMPKα. The combination gave the most favourable profile.
CONCLUSIONS: At this supra-traditional dose, CS-AE was associated with attenuated diabetic hepatic injury; its profile complemented metformin's. Findings are association-level. Dose-response studies that include the traditional dose, and causal, pharmacokinetic, sex-inclusive and clinical studies, are required before any therapeutic recommendation.