Human immunology · 2026
Early changes in circulating cytokines and leukocyte profiles after bariatric surgery: a six-month prospective study.
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Isidoro Bruna Moraes, Filho Paulo Cesar de Santana, Flores Priscila da Trindade, Alves Diogo Feliciano, Romão Pedro Roosevelt Torres, Peres Alessandra
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Severe obesity is associated with chronic immunometabolic disturbances that may improve after bariatric surgery, although early postoperative immune trajectories remain incompletely characterized.
OBJECTIVE: To characterize early postoperative changes in selected circulating cytokines and immune-cell profiles and explore their associations with postoperative weight loss.
METHODS: In this prospective cohort study, adults undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy were evaluated at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months after surgery. Fifty participants were assessed at baseline, 17 had paired baseline-to-3-month data, and 7 completed all three assessments. Plasma interleukin-10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentrations were measured by ELISA. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were analyzed by flow cytometry, including classical, intermediate, and non-classical monocytes; CD4+ and CD8+ T cells; and exploratory CD127^low/high fractions. The primary analysis comprised paired baseline-to-3-month comparisons, whereas analyses involving the 6-month assessment were exploratory because of follow-up attrition. Nonparametric tests with Holm-Bonferroni adjustment were applied.
RESULTS: In the primary paired analysis, no statistically significant baseline-to-3-month changes were detected in IL-10 or TNF-α concentrations. An exploratory complete-case analysis involving the 6-month assessment indicated lower IL-10 concentrations across follow-up, whereas TNF-α trajectories remained heterogeneous. The canonical monocyte-subset hierarchy and CD14/CD16 fluorescence-intensity patterns were observed across the available samples. No statistically significant longitudinal changes were detected in broad CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell distributions, while exploratory CD127 analyses suggested subtle differences within T-cell compartments. In an exploratory analysis of 15 participants, greater excess weight loss was associated with larger reductions in TNF-α.
CONCLUSIONS: The primary baseline-to-3-month analysis indicated limited changes in the selected circulating cytokines and broad immune-cell distributions evaluated. Additional patterns observed in the small 6-month complete-case cohort were exploratory and require confirmation in larger longitudinal studies.
OBJECTIVE: To characterize early postoperative changes in selected circulating cytokines and immune-cell profiles and explore their associations with postoperative weight loss.
METHODS: In this prospective cohort study, adults undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy were evaluated at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months after surgery. Fifty participants were assessed at baseline, 17 had paired baseline-to-3-month data, and 7 completed all three assessments. Plasma interleukin-10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentrations were measured by ELISA. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were analyzed by flow cytometry, including classical, intermediate, and non-classical monocytes; CD4+ and CD8+ T cells; and exploratory CD127^low/high fractions. The primary analysis comprised paired baseline-to-3-month comparisons, whereas analyses involving the 6-month assessment were exploratory because of follow-up attrition. Nonparametric tests with Holm-Bonferroni adjustment were applied.
RESULTS: In the primary paired analysis, no statistically significant baseline-to-3-month changes were detected in IL-10 or TNF-α concentrations. An exploratory complete-case analysis involving the 6-month assessment indicated lower IL-10 concentrations across follow-up, whereas TNF-α trajectories remained heterogeneous. The canonical monocyte-subset hierarchy and CD14/CD16 fluorescence-intensity patterns were observed across the available samples. No statistically significant longitudinal changes were detected in broad CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell distributions, while exploratory CD127 analyses suggested subtle differences within T-cell compartments. In an exploratory analysis of 15 participants, greater excess weight loss was associated with larger reductions in TNF-α.
CONCLUSIONS: The primary baseline-to-3-month analysis indicated limited changes in the selected circulating cytokines and broad immune-cell distributions evaluated. Additional patterns observed in the small 6-month complete-case cohort were exploratory and require confirmation in larger longitudinal studies.