European neurology · 2026
Subsequent Migraine and Tension Headache After Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: A Longitudinal Follow-up Study of 381,122 Women.
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Lai JhenWu, Liu Mu-N, Chen Tzeng-Ji, Tsai Shih-Jen, Chen Mu-Hong
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a common systemic inflammatory condition affecting women of reproductive age. Although systemic inflammation has been implicated in primary headache disorders, associations between PID and migraine, as well as tension headache, remain unclear.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether women with a history of PID have an increased risk of developing migraine or tension headache.
METHODS: Using Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database, 190,561 women with PID were identified from 1998 to 2011 and individually matched 1:1 to PID-free controls on demographics and pain-related comorbidities. Incident migraine and tension headache were ascertained from the index date through 2013.
RESULTS: Stratified Cox proportional hazards models demonstrated that PID was associated with a 2.11-fold increased risk of migraine (95% confidence interval: 1.89-2.36) and a 3.60-fold increased risk of tension headache (3.18-4.09) adjusted for age, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and healthcare utilization. The strongest association was observed for migraine with aura (hazard ratio = 3.78).
CONCLUSIONS: PID is associated with significantly elevated long-term risks of both migraine and tension headache. These findings highlight the potential neurological sequelae of systemic inflammation and central sensitization triggered by PID.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether women with a history of PID have an increased risk of developing migraine or tension headache.
METHODS: Using Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database, 190,561 women with PID were identified from 1998 to 2011 and individually matched 1:1 to PID-free controls on demographics and pain-related comorbidities. Incident migraine and tension headache were ascertained from the index date through 2013.
RESULTS: Stratified Cox proportional hazards models demonstrated that PID was associated with a 2.11-fold increased risk of migraine (95% confidence interval: 1.89-2.36) and a 3.60-fold increased risk of tension headache (3.18-4.09) adjusted for age, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and healthcare utilization. The strongest association was observed for migraine with aura (hazard ratio = 3.78).
CONCLUSIONS: PID is associated with significantly elevated long-term risks of both migraine and tension headache. These findings highlight the potential neurological sequelae of systemic inflammation and central sensitization triggered by PID.